Oboh Ganiyu, Oladun Folasade L, Ademosun Ayokunle O, Ogunsuyi Opeyemi B
Federal University of Technology, Department of Biochemistry, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.
Federal University of Technology, Department of Biochemistry, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.
J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021 Apr-Jun;12(2):254-260. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.10.004. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
Plant alkaloids have become important sources of nutraceuticals owing to their pharmacological importance especially in the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In assessing the therapeutic potentials of plant phytochemicals, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) has emerged as a very veritable tool and has been largely accepted as an alternative model in biomedical research.
In this study, alkaloid extracts from bush apple (Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G. Taylor and padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.) leaves were assessed on D. melanogaster exposed to aluminum toxicity.
Alkaloid extracts were prepared by solvent extraction method. Thereafter, the extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties, Fe-chelating abilities and inhibitory effects on drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The samples were also characterized for their constituent alkaloids via HPLC. Thereafter, effective safe dose of the extracts were determined in D. melanogaster (Harwich strain). Subsequently, flies assaulted with AlCl were co-treated with the extracts (8.3 and 16.6 μg/g) for seven days, during which their survival rate was monitored. This was followed by assaying for the activities of AChE, antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)]. Also, the flies were assayed for levels of thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The results revealed that both extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties with Padauk showing significantly higher antioxidant properties in vitro. However, there was no significant difference in their in vitro AChE inhibition. In vivo, Al-induced toxicity reduced survival rate, elevated AChE, SOD and GST activities, as well as TBARS and ROS levels which were ameliorated by the extracts. It was also revealed that piperine was predominant in PA, while 1-cyclohexen-1-yl-pyrrolidine was predominant in BA.
Our data suggest that the protective abilities of these extracts against Al-induced toxicity can be primarily associated with their anticholinesterase and metal chelating abilities. Thus, these vegetables can be potential sources of nutraceuticals against aluminum toxicity and associated diseases.
植物生物碱因其药理重要性，已成为营养保健品的重要来源，尤其是在治疗神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病方面。在评估植物植物化学物质的治疗潜力时，果蝇（黑腹果蝇）已成为一种非常可靠的工具，并在很大程度上被接受为生物医学研究中的替代模型。
在本研究中，对暴露于铝毒性的黑腹果蝇评估了来自丛林苹果（Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G. Taylor）和紫檀（Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.）叶子的生物碱提取物。
通过溶剂萃取法制备生物碱提取物。此后，评估提取物的体外抗氧化性能、铁螯合能力以及对果蝇乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的抑制作用。还通过高效液相色谱法对样品中的生物碱成分进行了表征。此后，在黑腹果蝇（Harwich品系）中确定提取物的有效安全剂量。随后，用氯化铝攻击的果蝇与提取物（8.3和16.6μg/g）共同处理7天，在此期间监测它们的存活率。接着测定AChE、抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）]的活性。此外，还测定了果蝇中硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS）和活性氧（ROS）的水平。
结果显示，两种提取物均表现出体外抗氧化性能，紫檀提取物在体外表现出显著更高的抗氧化性能。然而，它们在体外对AChE的抑制作用没有显著差异。在体内，铝诱导的毒性降低了存活率，提高了AChE、SOD和GST的活性，以及TBARS和ROS水平，而提取物改善了这些指标。还发现胡椒碱在紫檀提取物中占主导地位，而1-环己烯-1-基-吡咯烷在丛林苹果提取物中占主导地位。
我们的数据表明，这些提取物对铝诱导毒性的保护能力主要与其抗胆碱酯酶和金属螯合能力有关。因此，这些蔬菜可能是对抗铝毒性及相关疾病的营养保健品的潜在来源。
