CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Grupo Da Cunha, 15175 Carral, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 20;770:145270. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145270. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Climate change poses a remarkable challenge to global food security, for which wheat is one of the main staple agricultural commodities. The cultivation of different varieties of winter wheat in Galicia (commercial and native) under rotation systems with potato, maize and oilseed rape was evaluated from an environmental point of view. The general approach of this study included the gathering of the inventory data of the different crops, the quantification of their environmental impacts and economic benefits, to identify the best land management system. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as environmental tool. The environmental profiles of each rotation system were reported in terms of nine impact categories. Crop rotations were analysed both per hectare and per € of gross margin, so that the information can be relevant to land-management decisions. Preference ranks were established based on an environmental normalized score for both units. The results suggest that arable operations contribute decisively to the environmental profile of the rotations. The avoided mineral fertilization processes, the carbon storage in the soil when returning straw to the field, as well as the electricity production clearly influence the environmental impact of the rotations. Scenarios that include native wheat under organic management are always the environmentally preferred ones while the preferred alternate crop depends on the reference unit. Concerning the margin gross, scenarios including the native variety report the highest profits, being the potato the preferred alternate crop. Further assessment needs to be undertaken to identify differences in the results of different ways of conducting LCA, i.e. attributional vs consequential approaches.
气候变化对全球粮食安全构成了巨大挑战，小麦是主要的主要粮食作物之一。本研究从环境角度评估了加利西亚（商业和本地）不同冬小麦品种在轮作制度下与土豆、玉米和油菜的种植情况。本研究的总体方法包括收集不同作物的清单数据、量化其环境影响和经济效益，以确定最佳土地管理系统。生命周期评估（LCA）被用作环境工具。根据九个影响类别报告了每个轮作系统的环境概况。对每个公顷和每欧元毛利润的轮作系统进行了分析，以便信息可以与土地管理决策相关。基于单位的环境归一化得分建立了偏好等级。结果表明，耕地作业对轮作的环境状况有决定性影响。避免矿物施肥过程、将秸秆还田时土壤中的碳储存以及发电对轮作的环境影响有明显影响。包括有机管理下的本地小麦的情景始终是环境上首选的情景，而首选的替代作物取决于参考单位。关于毛利润，包括本地品种的情景报告了最高的利润，土豆是首选的替代作物。需要进一步评估以确定不同的 LCA 方法（归因法与后果法）的结果差异。
