Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Entomologie, Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
J Mycol Med. 2021 Jun;31(2):101115. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101115. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
This review sets out to highlighted knowledge gaps regarding the epidemiological, diagnostic (clinical and laboratory) and therapeutic aspects of otomycosis in Africa. A computerized literature search for otomycosis related articles were performed using MEDLINE. The search encompassed articles published in early January 1980 to May 2019 yielded 220 articles. Electronic search on PubMed was performed with the specific keywords. This review shows the higher prevalence rates of otomycosis in Africa. These prevalences varies from one country to the other and also from one population to another within the same country. The main symptoms are otalgia, otorrhea, hearing loss, aural fullness, pruritus, and tinnitus. Otomycosis is due to several predisposing factors, however, use of topical antibiotic/steroid eardrops, trauma to the external ear canal or instrumentation of the ear, being exposed to hot humid atmospheres, and close contact with water are the common risk factors. Aspergillus species are the most commonly identified organisms compared with Candida species. Worldwide, A. niger and C. albicans are the most commonly described agents of otomycosis in Africa. The Laboratory diagnosis of otomycosis is usually confirmed by mycologic tests relied on a set of evidences. Further conventional methods such as Chromagar Candida System, latex agglutination test, Biochemical tests (Api 20C AuxTM and auxanogram), phenotypical tests (Germ-tube and chlamydosporulation), and rRNA gene sequencing (PCR) are performed to improve diagnosis and the management of the disease. Adequate treatment of otomycosis includes microscopic suction clearance of fungal mass, discontinuation of topical antibiotics and treatment with antifungal eardrops for three weeks.
这篇综述旨在强调有关非洲耳真菌病的流行病学、诊断（临床和实验室）和治疗方面的知识空白。通过 MEDLINE 对耳真菌病相关文章进行了计算机文献检索。搜索范围涵盖了 1980 年 1 月初至 2019 年 5 月发表的文章，共获得 220 篇文章。在 PubMed 上进行了电子搜索，使用了特定的关键词。这篇综述显示了非洲耳真菌病的更高流行率。这些流行率因国家而异，在同一国家内也因人群而异。主要症状是耳痛、耳漏、听力损失、耳闷、瘙痒和耳鸣。耳真菌病是由几个易感因素引起的，然而，局部使用抗生素/类固醇滴耳液、外耳道创伤或器械操作、暴露于湿热环境中和密切接触水是常见的危险因素。与念珠菌属相比，曲霉属是最常见的鉴定生物。在世界各地，黑曲霉和白假丝酵母是非洲最常见的耳真菌病病原体。耳真菌病的实验室诊断通常通过依赖于一系列证据的真菌学检查来确认。进一步的常规方法，如 Chromagar 念珠菌系统、乳胶凝集试验、生化试验（Api 20C AuxTM 和辅助图）、表型试验（芽管和厚垣孢子形成）和 rRNA 基因测序（PCR），用于改善诊断和疾病的管理。耳真菌病的充分治疗包括真菌团块的显微镜抽吸清除、停止局部使用抗生素和用抗真菌滴耳液治疗三周。
