Evans L
Operating Sciences Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI 48090.
J Trauma. 1988 Mar;28(3):368-78. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198803000-00013.
No large-scale epidemiologic study to investigate how sex and age affect fatal trauma risk from the same impact has been possible previously because large numbers of people are rarely subject to sufficiently similar major physical insults. This paper describes such a study, made possible by two recent developments: first, the availability of a large data file, the Fatal Accident Reporting System, which gives information on more than one third of a million people fatally injured in traffic crashes; second, a new technique, the double-pair comparison method, which, by focusing on vehicles containing two occupants, at least one of whom is killed, allows appropriate inferences to be made from such data. Fatality risk versus sex and age was determined for ten categories of vehicle occupants (unbelted car drivers, helmeted motorcycle passengers, etc.). Similar effects were found for different occupants, indicating that basic physiologic response (not confined to traffic fatalities) is being measured. It is found that fatality risk is about 25% greater for females than for similar aged males from about age 15 to 45 years. At younger and older ages males are more at risk. For both sexes, fatality risk is least at age 20 years. At age 70 it is about three times what it is at age 20.
此前，由于很少有大量人群遭受足够相似的严重身体伤害，因此无法开展大规模流行病学研究来调查性别和年龄如何影响同一撞击造成的致命创伤风险。本文描述了这样一项研究，这得益于最近的两项进展：第一，有一个大型数据文件，即致命事故报告系统，它提供了超过30万人在交通事故中致命受伤的信息；第二，一种新技术，即双对比较法，该方法通过关注载有两名乘客且至少有一人死亡的车辆，使得能够从这些数据中做出适当推断。确定了十类车辆乘客（未系安全带的汽车司机、戴头盔的摩托车乘客等）的死亡风险与性别和年龄的关系。不同乘客发现了类似的影响，表明正在测量基本的生理反应（不限于交通死亡事故）。研究发现，从15岁到45岁左右，女性的死亡风险比同龄男性大约高25%。在较年轻和较年长的年龄段，男性的风险更高。对于两性来说，20岁时死亡风险最低。70岁时约为20岁时的三倍。
