Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2021 Aug 23;55(9):918-931. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaaa124.
The bi-directional associations between affective states and movement behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behavior) have been observed in children. It is unclear if the strength of these bi-directional associations varies with age as children transition from childhood to adolescence.
This multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study investigates the acute time-varying associations between affect and movement behaviors among youth.
Children (N = 195, baseline mean age = 10.72, range = 8-12 years, mean BMI-z = 0.49, 51% female) participated in a six-wave EMA study across three years. Each EMA survey captured momentary positive and negative affect. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the 15-min window before and after each EMA survey was calculated using accelerometry data. Time-varying effect models (TVEM) examined the acute bi-directional associations between momentary positive/negative affect and MVPA/sedentary time across ages 8 to 14.
Children provided 14,246 valid activity-matched EMA surveys across all waves. TVEM plots revealed that the directionality and the strength (time-varying slopes) of associations between momentary affect and activity levels vary across ages. Positive affect was associated with higher MVPA levels and lower sedentary time at younger ages, whereas negative affect linked to lower MVPA levels and more sedentary time at older ages.
The acute associations between momentary affect and (in)activity levels may vary as a function of children's age. Applying TVEM to intensive longitudinal data could provide valuable information for developing age-tailored interventions that promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents.
在儿童中观察到情感状态和运动行为（例如身体活动、久坐行为）之间存在双向关联。目前尚不清楚，随着儿童从童年过渡到青春期，这些双向关联的强度是否会因年龄而异。
本多波生态瞬时评估（EMA）研究调查了青少年中情感和运动行为之间的急性时变关联。
共有 195 名儿童（基线平均年龄为 10.72 岁，范围为 8-12 岁，平均 BMI-z 值为 0.49，51%为女性）参与了为期三年的六波 EMA 研究。每次 EMA 调查都捕捉了即时的积极和消极情绪。使用加速度计数据计算了每个 EMA 调查前后 15 分钟内的中等到剧烈体力活动（MVPA）时间和久坐时间。时间变化效应模型（TVEM）在 8 至 14 岁之间检查了即时积极/消极情绪与 MVPA/久坐时间之间的急性双向关联。
儿童在所有波次中提供了 14246 次有效的活动匹配 EMA 调查。TVEM 图显示，情感和活动水平之间的关联的方向性和强度（时变斜率）随年龄而变化。在较年轻的年龄时，积极的情绪与较高的 MVPA 水平和较低的久坐时间相关，而消极的情绪与较低的 MVPA 水平和更多的久坐时间相关。
即时情绪与（不）活动水平之间的急性关联可能会因儿童的年龄而有所不同。将 TVEM 应用于密集的纵向数据可以为制定针对年龄的干预措施提供有价值的信息，这些干预措施可以促进儿童和青少年的健康生活方式。
