Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Columbia, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 May 11;17(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-00951-6.
Research has shown that affect is associated with everyday movement behaviors in children and adults. However, limited work to date has investigated dyadic influences of momentary affect on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time among children and their mothers using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
Mothers and their children (eight to 12-years-old at baseline) from the Los Angeles metropolitan area participated in a longitudinal study with six semi-annual measurement waves across three years. During each measurement wave, mothers and children reported momentary negative and positive affect via a custom smartphone-based EMA application across seven days (randomly sampled up to eight times per day). Each dyad member's momentary affective states were used to predict their own and the other dyad member's accelerometer-measured MVPA and sedentary time in the prompt-matched 45-min time window. Multilevel modeling within the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) framework was applied to accommodate the nested dyadic nature of the data.
At the within-subject level, when children had higher-than-usual positive affect, they engaged in greater MVPA and less sedentary time in the prompt-matched 45-min window (actor effects; ps < .001). When mothers experienced higher-than-usual positive affect, they engaged in more sedentary time in the same 45-min window (actor effect; p < .001). Children's higher-than-usual positive affect also predicted more MVPA time of their mothers (partner effect; p < .05). At the between-subjects level, for mothers who reported higher average negative affect than other mothers, their children overall had less MVPA and more sedentary time (partner effects ps < .05).
This study extends the literature by demonstrating that mothers' and children's everyday physical activity and sedentary time are not only associated with their own affective states, but also may be influenced by the affective states of each other. Our findings suggest that affective states have the potential to influence movement behaviors in mother-child dyads' everyday lives. Affective underpinnings of physical activity and sedentary behaviors should be further studied in order to develop family-based intervention strategies to influence these behaviors.
研究表明，情绪与儿童和成人的日常运动行为有关。然而，迄今为止，使用生态瞬时评估（EMA），很少有研究调查儿童及其母亲的瞬间情绪对中等到剧烈的身体活动（MVPA）和久坐时间的二元影响。
来自洛杉矶大都市区的母亲及其子女（基线时为 8 至 12 岁）参加了一项纵向研究，该研究历时三年，共进行了六次半年期测量波。在每个测量波中，母亲和孩子通过定制的基于智能手机的 EMA 应用程序在七天内报告瞬间的负面和正面情绪（每天随机抽取多达八次）。每个对子成员的瞬间情感状态用于预测他们自己和另一个对子成员在即时匹配的 45 分钟时间窗口内的加速度计测量的 MVPA 和久坐时间。应用 actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) 框架内的多层次模型来适应数据的嵌套对子性质。
在个体水平上，当孩子的积极情绪高于平时时，他们在即时匹配的 45 分钟窗口内会进行更多的 MVPA 和更少的久坐时间（个体效应；p <.001）。当母亲经历高于平时的积极情绪时，她们在同一 45 分钟窗口内会有更多的久坐时间（个体效应；p <.001）。孩子的积极情绪高于平时也预示着他们的母亲会有更多的 MVPA 时间（伙伴效应；p <.05）。在个体间水平上，对于报告的消极情绪平均值高于其他母亲的母亲，她们的孩子整体上的 MVPA 时间更少，久坐时间更多（伙伴效应 p <.05）。
这项研究通过证明母亲和孩子的日常身体活动和久坐时间不仅与他们自己的情绪状态有关，而且可能受到彼此情绪状态的影响，扩展了文献。我们的研究结果表明，情绪状态有可能影响母子对子日常生活中的运动行为。为了制定影响这些行为的以家庭为基础的干预策略，应该进一步研究身体活动和久坐行为的情感基础。
