RAND, 1776 Main St., Santa Monica, CA, 90407, United States.
RAND, 1200 S. Hayes St., Arlington, VA, 22202, United States.
J Health Econ. 2021 Mar;76:102430. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102430. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
This paper examines how the recent transition of the opioid crisis from prescription opioids to more prevalent misuse of illicit opioids, such as heroin and fentanyl, altered labor supply behavior and disability insurance claiming rates. We exploit differential geographic exposure to the reformulation of OxyContin, the largest reduction in access to abusable prescription opioids to date, to study the effects of substitution to illicit markets. We observe meaningful reductions in labor supply measured in terms of employment-to-population ratios, hours worked, and earnings in states more exposed to reformulation relative to those less exposed. We also find evidence of increases in disability applications and beneficiaries.
本文考察了阿片类药物危机从处方阿片类药物向更普遍的非法阿片类药物（如海洛因和芬太尼）滥用的转变如何改变了劳动力供应行为和残疾保险索赔率。我们利用奥施康定（OxyContin）配方改变在地理上的差异，奥施康定是迄今为止获得滥用处方阿片类药物途径最大的减少，来研究向非法市场替代的影响。我们观察到，在接触到奥施康定配方改变较多的州，劳动力供应（以就业人口比、工作时间和收入衡量）出现了显著减少，而在接触到奥施康定配方改变较少的州则出现了增加。我们还发现了残疾申请和受益人数增加的证据。
