Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Cognition. 2021 May;210:104610. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104610. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Visual displays of objects include information about number and other magnitudes such as cumulative surface area. Despite the confluence of cues, a prevalent view is that number is uniquely salient within multidimensional stimuli. Consistent with this view, Tomlinson et al. (2020) report that, in addition to greater acuity for number than area among both children and adults, number biases area judgments more than the reverse, at least in childhood. However, a failure to consider perceived area, undermines these results. To address this concern, we used an index of perceived area when assessing acuity and bias of number and area. In this context, number and area were comparable in acuity among children and adults. Bias, however, differed across development. Although adults showed greater bias of number on area judgments than the reverse, children experienced greater area bias on number judgments. Thus, contra Tomlinson et al., when differences in mathematical and perceived area are accounted for, area is more salient than number early in development. However, number does become the more salient dimension by adulthood, suggesting a role for experience with symbolic number and education in directing attention towards number within multidimensional visual stimuli.
对象的视觉显示包括数量和其他量的信息,例如累积表面积。尽管线索融合在一起,但一个流行的观点是,在多维刺激中,数量是唯一突出的。与这一观点一致,Tomlinson 等人(2020)报告说,除了儿童和成人对数量的敏锐度都高于面积外,数量对面积判断的影响比对面积判断的影响更大,至少在儿童时期是这样。然而,如果不考虑感知面积,这些结果就会受到影响。为了解决这个问题,我们在评估数量和面积的敏锐度和偏差时使用了感知面积的指标。在这种情况下,数量和面积在儿童和成人中的敏锐度相当。然而,偏差在发展过程中是不同的。尽管成年人在面积判断上的数量偏差大于相反的情况,但儿童在数量判断上的面积偏差更大。因此,与 Tomlinson 等人的观点相反,当考虑到数学和感知面积的差异时,面积在早期发展中比数量更为突出。然而,到了成年期,数量成为更为突出的维度,这表明符号数量和教育经验在引导对多维视觉刺激中数量的注意力方面发挥了作用。