Kramina Tatiana E, Lysova Maya V, Samigullin Tahir H, Schanzer Ivan A, Özbek Mehmet U, Sokoloff Dmitry D
Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
LLC "Amplitech", 1-ya Kuryanovskaya Str., 34-8, 109235 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jan 28;10(2):260. doi: 10.3390/plants10020260.
The Mediterranean region is a center of species and genetic diversity of many plant groups, which served as a source of recolonization of temperate regions of Eurasia in Holocene. We investigate the evolutionary history of species currently classified in sect. in the context of the evolution of the genus as a whole, using phylogenetic, phylogeographic and dating analyses. Of three species of the section, and have wide Mediterranean distribution while has a disjunctive range in Bulgaria, Turkey, Armenia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and adjacent parts of Russia and China. We used entire nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (nrITS) and a plastid dataset (16 and L-F) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within with an extended representation of group. We analyzed the phylogeographic patterns within each species based on the plastid dataset. For divergence time estimation, the nrITS dataset was analyzed. Our results confirmed the non-monophyletic nature of the section . They indicate that is likely to have diverged about 15.87 (9.99-19.81) million years ago (Ma), which is much older than an earlier estimate of ca. 5.54 Ma. Estimated divergence ages within , , and (6.1, 4.94, and 4.16 Ma, respectively) well predate the onset of the current type of Mediterranean climate. Our data suggest that relatively ancient geological events and/or climatic changes apparently played roles in early diversification of and its major clades, as well as in formation of phylogeographic patterns, in at least some species.
地中海地区是许多植物类群的物种和遗传多样性中心，在全新世它是欧亚大陆温带地区重新定殖的来源地。我们在整个属进化的背景下，利用系统发育、系统地理学和年代测定分析，研究目前归入某组的物种的进化历史。在该组的三个物种中，某两个物种在地中海地区分布广泛，而另一个物种在保加利亚、土耳其、亚美尼亚、哈萨克斯坦东部以及俄罗斯和中国的相邻地区呈间断分布。我们使用整个核糖体ITS1 - 5.8S - ITS2区域（nrITS）和一个质体数据集（16和L - F），以某组的扩展代表来重建该组内的系统发育关系。我们基于质体数据集分析了每个物种内的系统地理格局。为了估计分歧时间，对nrITS数据集进行了分析。我们的结果证实了该组的非单系性质。结果表明，某物种可能在约1587（999 - 1981）万年前（Ma）分化，这比之前约554 Ma的估计要古老得多。在某几个物种内估计的分歧年龄（分别为610万、494万和416万年）早于当前地中海气候类型的开始时间。我们的数据表明，相对古老的地质事件和/或气候变化显然在某属及其主要分支的早期多样化以及至少一些物种的系统地理格局形成中发挥了作用。
