State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Mar 21;50(6):4185-4219. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00173b. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种涉及光触发的治疗模式，已被认为是一种有吸引力的肿瘤治疗方法。然而，其进一步临床应用仍面临不可忽视的挑战，包括有限的肿瘤抑制、肿瘤靶向性差和治疗深度有限。光敏剂（PS）作为 PDT 的最重要元素，在 PDT 治疗中起着决定性的作用。本综述总结了近年来在开发克服上述挑战的 PS 方面取得的进展。这些进展包括开发具有增强对肿瘤微环境耐受性、提高肿瘤特异性选择性以及可用于深部组织的 PS。基于其分子光物理性质和设计方向，按母体结构对 PS 进行分类，并从分子设计到应用详细讨论。最后，还简要总结了当前 PS 设计的策略和未来展望。我们希望本综述中提供的信息能激发 PS 的进一步设计和 PDT 介导的癌症治疗的临床发展。
