Arendt T, Allen Y, Sinden J, Schugens M M, Marchbanks R M, Lantos P L, Gray J A
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Nature. 1988 Mar 31;332(6163):448-50. doi: 10.1038/332448a0.
Alcohol-induced memory impairment in man has been attributed to deficiencies in subcortical noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, as well as to damage in midbrain structures. Korsakoff's psychosis, a disease in which alcohol poisoning causes apparently irreversible memory defects, is characterized by lesions in cholinergic and noradrenergic nuclei and by a decrease in the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the content of noradrenaline (NA) in forebrain areas such as cerebral cortex and hippocampus, innervated by these nuclei. Prolonged intake of ethanol in rodents similarly produces signs of noradrenergic and cholinergic deafferentation in the cortex and hippocampus, as well as persistent memory deficits. To test whether alcohol-induced memory impairments depend on cholinergic deafferentation, we transplanted cholinergic-rich fetal basal forebrain cell suspensions into the cortex and hippocampus of alcohol-treated rats. The substantial and persistent memory losses produced in our rats by ethanol intake were associated with an impairment of cholinergic function, and were reversed by cholinergic-rich transplants into cortex and hippocampus.
人类酒精诱导的记忆障碍被归因于皮层下去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能系统的缺陷，以及中脑结构的损伤。科尔萨科夫精神病是一种酒精中毒导致明显不可逆记忆缺陷的疾病，其特征是胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能核团的损伤，以及胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）活性降低和这些核团支配的前脑区域（如大脑皮层和海马体）中去甲肾上腺素（NA）含量减少。啮齿动物长期摄入乙醇同样会在皮层和海马体中产生去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能脱失的迹象，以及持续的记忆缺陷。为了测试酒精诱导的记忆障碍是否依赖于胆碱能脱失，我们将富含胆碱能的胎儿基底前脑细胞悬液移植到经酒精处理的大鼠的皮层和海马体中。我们的大鼠因摄入乙醇而产生的大量且持续的记忆丧失与胆碱能功能受损有关，并通过向皮层和海马体移植富含胆碱能的细胞而得到逆转。
