Arnau de Vilanova- Llíria Health Department, Ministry of Universal Healthcare and Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
J Clin Nurs. 2021 May;30(9-10):1383-1393. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15687. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cervical cancer and its prevention in Spain.
Worldwide, women's knowledge about cervical cancer is low, and their attitudes towards its prevention are good, but they do not correlate with the screening uptake. Although the rates of Spanish women performing cervical cancer screening are mostly acceptable, their knowledge and attitudes about it have not been explored.
Qualitative descriptive study.
Three focus groups were conducted, with 21 women aged 25 to 65 years. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. For intragroup homogeneity, women participated in age groups. The COREQ reporting guidelines were used.
Women expressed their knowledge about cervical cancer was low. None of the participants identified the human papillomavirus as a cause of cervical cancer, nor did they mention the vaccine as a preventive measure. They all knew about the screening existence, but not about its frequency nor target population. About the attitudes and practice, 18 women had an appropriate screening, and they were favourable to this health check, claiming an increase in its frequency. Nineteen women claimed they had not received enough information from the healthcare system and a lack of social awareness in comparison with breast cancer. They demanded from the professionals more health education, a reminder of their appointments and a report of the Pap test results.
There was a self-perceived low level of knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and its prevention in the participants. However, they expressed favourable attitudes towards screening, and they demanded more information about cervical cancer and its prevention measures, and they regretted its low social awareness.
Midwives, general nurses and other nurse specialists may have a leading position in health education for cervical cancer prevention in different population levels.
探索西班牙与宫颈癌及其预防相关的知识、态度和实践。
在全球范围内，女性对宫颈癌的认识水平较低，对其预防的态度较好，但与筛查参与率无关。尽管西班牙女性进行宫颈癌筛查的比例大多可以接受，但她们对宫颈癌的知识和态度尚未得到探索。
定性描述性研究。
进行了 3 个焦点小组，参与者为 21 名 25 至 65 岁的女性。通过便利抽样招募参与者。为了组内同质性，女性按年龄组参与。使用 COREQ 报告指南。
女性表示她们对宫颈癌的了解程度较低。没有参与者将人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）识别为宫颈癌的病因，也没有提及疫苗作为预防措施。她们都知道筛查的存在，但不知道其频率和目标人群。关于态度和实践，18 名女性进行了适当的筛查，她们对这种健康检查持赞成态度，并主张增加筛查频率。19 名女性声称她们没有从医疗保健系统获得足够的信息，并且与乳腺癌相比，社会对宫颈癌的认识程度较低。她们要求专业人员提供更多的健康教育、预约提醒和巴氏涂片检查结果报告。
参与者对宫颈癌的危险因素及其预防措施的自我认知水平较低。然而，她们对筛查持有利态度，并要求更多有关宫颈癌及其预防措施的信息，同时对其社会关注度较低感到遗憾。
助产士、普通护士和其他护士专家可能在不同人群层面的宫颈癌预防健康教育中发挥主导作用。
