Clinical manifestations of hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma and treatment outcomes according to age at diagnosis.

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study is to assess the clinical manifestations and prognostic value of age on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

METHODS

Patients with hypopharynx SCC were extracted from the SEER database between 2004 and 2014. We examined the clinicopathological variables using Chi-squared tests and we evaluated the association between survival and different variables, including age, race, grade, tumour location, T category, N category and surgery therapies to the primary tumour, using the methods of Kaplan-Meier. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the effects of each variable on survival.

RESULTS

A total of 3702 patients were analysed. The patients aged 25-49 tended to be black and present withN3 and stage IV (P <.01). In multivariate analyses, the patients aged 25-39 had better survival rates, and the risk of death became higher with increasing age. Compared with patients aged 25 to 39 years, the hazard ratios for patients aged 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-95 years were 1.190 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.584-2.423), 1.156 (95% CI 0.575-2.324), 1.315 (95% CI 0.654-2.642), 1.780 (95% CI 0.884-3.584) and 2.614 (95% CI 1.292-5.288) respectively. Subgroups analysis shows that the effect of advancing age was significantly associated with a higher risk of poor survival in patients who harboured moderately/poorly differentiated (all P <.05), T1-T4a, N0-N2b or stage I-IVa disease (all P <.05, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Younger patients tended to present with advanced N classification. Increasing age at diagnosis was associated with a significantly higher risk of poorer OS. However, when considering patients affected by more aggressive disease, age was not significantly associated with higher risk of dying from hypopharynx SCC. In high-risk patients, tumour characteristics rather than age should be considered when making treatment decisions.