Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Arizona School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona.
Sports Health. 2021 May-Jun;13(3):296-303. doi: 10.1177/1941738120970976. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common condition in active individuals. The lack of agreement on PF etiology makes treatment challenging and highlights the importance of understanding risk factors for preventive efforts.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine what factors may put physically active individuals at risk of developing PF.
CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Gray Lit, LILACS, MEDLINE (PubMed), ProQuest, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched through April 2018 and updated in April 2020.
Studies were included if they were original research investigating PF risk factors, compared physically active individuals with and without PF, were written in English, and were accessible as full-length, peer-reviewed articles.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Level 3, because of inconsistent definitions and blinding used in the included observational studies.
Data on sample characteristics, study design and duration, groups, PF diagnosis, and risk factors were extracted. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. When means and standard deviations of a particular risk factor were presented 2 or more times, that risk factor was included in the meta-analysis.
Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review and 11 risk factors in the meta-analysis. Increased plantarflexion range of motion (weighted mean difference [MD] = 7.04°; 95% CI, 5.88-8.19; < 0.001), body mass index (MD = 2.13 kg/m; 95% CI, 1.40-2.86; < 0.001; = 0.00%), and body mass (MD = 4.52 kg; 95% CI, 0.55-8.49; = 0.026) were risk factors for PF.
Interventions focused on addressing a greater degree of plantarflexion range of motion, body mass index, and body mass and their load on the force-absorbing plantar surface structures may be a good starting point in the prevention and treatment of active individuals with PF.
足底筋膜炎（PF）是活跃人群中常见的病症。PF 的病因尚未达成共识，这使得治疗具有挑战性，并凸显了了解发病风险因素以进行预防的重要性。
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是确定哪些因素可能使活跃人群面临 PF 的发病风险。
通过 CENTRAL、CINAHL、EMBASE、灰色文献、LILACS、MEDLINE（PubMed）、ProQuest、Scopus、SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science 进行了检索，检索时间截至 2018 年 4 月，并于 2020 年 4 月进行了更新。
如果研究是调查 PF 风险因素的原始研究，将有和没有 PF 的活跃人群进行了比较，且以英文书写并可作为全文、同行评审文章获取，则纳入研究。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
由于纳入的观察性研究中使用的定义和盲法不一致，因此为 3 级。
提取了样本特征、研究设计和持续时间、组、PF 诊断和风险因素的数据。使用《观察性研究的 STRengthening 报告规范》评估研究的方法学质量。如果特定风险因素的均值和标准差呈现 2 次或更多次，则将该风险因素纳入荟萃分析。
系统评价纳入了 16 项研究，荟萃分析纳入了 11 个风险因素。跖屈活动范围增加（加权均数差 [MD] = 7.04°；95%CI，5.88-8.19；< 0.001）、体重指数（MD = 2.13 kg/m；95%CI，1.40-2.86；< 0.001； = 0.00）和体重（MD = 4.52 kg；95%CI，0.55-8.49； = 0.026）是 PF 的发病风险因素。
针对更大程度的跖屈活动范围、体重指数和体重及其对吸收力的足底表面结构的负荷进行干预，可能是活跃人群中 PF 的预防和治疗的良好起点。
