Department of Pharmacology, MESCO Institute of Pharmacy, Amroha, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2021;20(7):613-624. doi: 10.2174/1871527320666210202121624.
A proteome is defined as a comprehensive protein set either of an organ or an organism at a given time and under specific physiological conditions. Accordingly, the study of the nervous system's proteomes is called neuroproteomics. In the neuroproteomics process, various pieces of the nervous system are "fragmented" to understand the dynamics of each given sub-proteome in a much better way. Functional proteomics addresses the organisation of proteins into complexes and the formation of organelles from these multiprotein complexes that control various physiological processes. Current functional studies of neuroproteomics mainly talk about the synapse structure and its organisation, the major building site of the neuronal communication channel. The proteomes of synaptic vesicle, presynaptic terminal, and postsynaptic density, have been examined by various proteomics techniques. The objectives of functional neuroproteomics are: to solve the proteome of single neurons or astrocytes grown in cell cultures or from the primary brain cells isolated from tissues under various conditions, to identify the set of proteins that characterize specific pathogenesis, or to determine the group of proteins making up postsynaptic or presynaptic densities. It is usual to solve a particular sub-proteome like the heat-shock response proteome or the proteome responding to inflammation. Post-translational protein modifications alter their functions and interactions. The techniques to detect synapse phosphoproteome are available. However, techniques for the analysis of ubiquitination and sumoylation are under development.
蛋白质组是指在特定生理条件下特定时间点的器官或生物体的综合蛋白质组。因此，神经系统蛋白质组的研究被称为神经蛋白质组学。在神经蛋白质组学过程中，将各个神经系统部分“分割”，以更好地了解每个特定亚蛋白质组的动态。功能蛋白质组学研究的是蛋白质如何组成复合物，以及这些多蛋白复合物如何形成细胞器，从而控制各种生理过程。目前神经蛋白质组学的功能研究主要集中在突触结构及其组织上，这是神经元通讯通道的主要构建部位。已经使用各种蛋白质组学技术研究了突触小泡、突触前末端和突触后密度的蛋白质组。功能神经蛋白质组学的目标是：解决在细胞培养中生长的单个神经元或星形胶质细胞的蛋白质组，或从组织中分离的原代脑细胞的蛋白质组，鉴定出具有特定发病机制特征的蛋白质组，或确定构成突触后或突触前密度的蛋白质组。通常解决特定的亚蛋白质组，如热休克反应蛋白质组或对炎症有反应的蛋白质组。翻译后蛋白质修饰会改变它们的功能和相互作用。检测突触磷酸蛋白质组的技术已经可用。但是，泛素化和 sumoylation 的分析技术仍在开发中。
