Faulkner K, Harrison R M
Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Phys Med Biol. 1988 Jan;33(1):83-91. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/33/1/008.
The irradiation of staff in diagnostic radiology was simulated for conditions commonly encountered in fluoroscopy. Scattered radiation distributions were produced from diagnostic x-ray beams generated at tube potentials in the range 60-120 kVp, using the abdomen sections of a Rando phantom. Doses to a number of organs in the head and neck were measured using a Rando phantom loaded with lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters. The torso sections were placed on a water phantom on top of a stand, with film badge dosemeters positioned on the surface of the phantom at the forehead, neck, chest and waist, and the phantom was placed in the radiation field. Doses to organs in the torso were calculated from the waist-level film badge dosemeter reading using normalised organ dose data. Radiation doses to organs below a lead apron, when worn, were estimated from the unshielded dose values using a transmission factor appropriate to the quality of the scattered radiation. The effective dose equivalent (EDE) to the phantom was calculated for various x-ray beam qualities and lead apron thicknesses and compared with the film badge doses. The results indicate that a dosemeter worn at the waist/chest level under a lead apron generally underestimates the EDE. Conversely, dosemeters worn at the forehead/neck tend to overestimate the EDE. It is recommended that a dosemeter is positioned under a lead apron, if worn.
针对荧光透视中常见的情况，模拟了放射诊断中工作人员的辐射情况。使用兰多人体模型的腹部切片，在60 - 120 kVp管电压下产生的诊断X射线束生成散射辐射分布。使用装有氟化锂热释光剂量计的兰多人体模型测量头部和颈部多个器官的剂量。将躯干部分放置在支架顶部的水模体上，在前额、颈部、胸部和腰部的模体表面放置胶片剂量计，然后将模体置于辐射场中。根据腰部水平胶片剂量计的读数，使用归一化器官剂量数据计算躯干中器官的剂量。对于佩戴铅围裙时铅围裙下方器官的辐射剂量，使用与散射辐射质量相适应的透射系数，从未屏蔽剂量值估算得出。针对不同的X射线束质量和铅围裙厚度，计算了模体的有效剂量当量（EDE），并与胶片剂量计的剂量进行了比较。结果表明，佩戴铅围裙时在腰部/胸部水平佩戴的剂量计通常会低估EDE。相反，在前额/颈部佩戴的剂量计往往会高估EDE。建议如果佩戴铅围裙，应将剂量计放置在铅围裙下方。
