de Bem Andreza Fabro, Krolow Rachel, Farias Hémelin Resende, de Rezende Victória Linden, Gelain Daniel Pens, Moreira José Cláudio Fonseca, Duarte João Miguel das Neves, de Oliveira Jade
Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brazilia, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Jan 18;14:604150. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.604150. eCollection 2020.
The incidence of metabolic disorders, as well as of neurodegenerative diseases-mainly the sporadic forms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease-are increasing worldwide. Notably, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia have been indicated as early risk factors for sporadic forms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These conditions share a range of molecular and cellular features, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, all of which contribute to neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia exhibit all the hallmarks of these degenerative diseases, and represent an interesting approach to the study of the phenotypic features and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. We review the main pathological aspects of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease as summarized in rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
代谢紊乱以及神经退行性疾病（主要是散发性阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。值得注意的是，肥胖、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症已被指出是散发性阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的早期风险因素。这些病症具有一系列分子和细胞特征，包括蛋白质聚集、氧化应激、神经炎症和血脑屏障功能障碍，所有这些都会导致神经元死亡和认知障碍。肥胖、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症的啮齿动物模型展现出这些退行性疾病的所有特征，是研究神经退行性疾病表型特征和致病机制的一种有趣方法。我们综述了肥胖、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症啮齿动物模型中总结的阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的主要病理方面。
