Sun Xiang, Chen Huijun, Yin Yimei, Curnan Matthew T, Han Jeong Woo, Chen Yan, Ma Zifeng
School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
Institute of Electrochemical & Energy Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
Small. 2021 Mar;17(10):e2005383. doi: 10.1002/smll.202005383. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Utilizing electricity and heat from renewable energy to convert small molecules into value-added chemicals through electro/thermal catalytic processes has enormous socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, the lack of catalysts with high activity, good long-term stability, and low cost strongly inhibits the practical implementation of these processes. Oxides with exsolved metal nanoparticles have recently been emerging as promising catalysts with outstanding activity and stability for the conversion of small molecules, which provides new possibilities for application of the processes. In this review, it starts with an introduction on the mechanism of exsolution, discussing representative exsolution materials, the impacts of intrinsic material properties and external environmental conditions on the exsolution behavior, and the driving forces for exsolution. The performances of exsolution materials in various reactions, such as alkane reforming reaction, carbon monoxide oxidation, carbon dioxide utilization, high temperature steam electrolysis, and low temperature electrocatalysis, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the development of exsolution materials as high-performance catalysts are discussed.
利用可再生能源产生的电能和热能，通过电/热催化过程将小分子转化为增值化学品，具有巨大的社会经济和环境效益。然而，缺乏高活性、良好的长期稳定性和低成本的催化剂，严重阻碍了这些过程的实际应用。最近，具有析出金属纳米颗粒的氧化物作为一种有前景的催化剂出现，对小分子转化具有出色的活性和稳定性，为这些过程的应用提供了新的可能性。在这篇综述中，首先介绍了析出机制，讨论了代表性的析出材料、材料固有特性和外部环境条件对析出行为的影响以及析出的驱动力。然后总结了析出材料在各种反应中的性能，如烷烃重整反应、一氧化碳氧化、二氧化碳利用、高温蒸汽电解和低温电催化。最后，讨论了析出材料作为高性能催化剂发展面临的挑战和未来前景。
