Velusamy Sasireka, Roy Anurag, Sundaram Senthilarasu, Kumar Mallick Tapas
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, U.K.
Chem Rec. 2021 Jul;21(7):1570-1610. doi: 10.1002/tcr.202000153. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
Textile wastewater heavy metal pollution has become a severe environmental problem worldwide. Metal ion inclusion in a dye molecule exhibits a bathochromic shift producing deeper but duller shades, which provides excellent colouration. The ejection of a massive volume of wastewater containing heavy metal ions such as Cr (VI), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) and metal-containing dyes are an unavoidable consequence because the textile industry consumes large quantities of water and all these chemicals cannot be combined entirely with fibres during the dyeing process. These high concentrations of chemicals in effluents interfere with the natural water resources, cause severe toxicological implications on the environment with a dramatic impact on human health. This article reviewed the various metal-containing dye types and their heavy metal ions pollution from entryway to the wastewater, which then briefly explored the effects on human health and the environment. Graphene-based absorbers, specially graphene oxide (GO) benefits from an ordered structured, high specific surface area, and flexible surface functionalization options, which are indispensable to realize a high performance of heavy metal ion removal. These exceptional adsorption properties of graphene-based materials support a position of ubiquity in our everyday lives. The collective representation of the textile wastewater's effective remediation methods is discussed and focused on the GO-based adsorption methods. Understanding the critical impact regarding the GO-based materials established adsorption portfolio for heavy metal ions removal are also discussed. Various heavy-metal ions and their pollutant effect, ways to remove such heavy metal ions and role of graphene-based adsorbent including their demand, perspective, limitation, and relative scopes are discussed elaborately in the review.
纺织废水重金属污染已成为全球严峻的环境问题。染料分子中包含金属离子会呈现红移现象，产生更深但更暗淡的色调，从而提供出色的着色效果。由于纺织工业消耗大量的水，并且在染色过程中所有这些化学物质无法完全与纤维结合，因此排放大量含有重金属离子（如Cr（VI）、Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Zn（II））以及含金属染料的废水是不可避免的后果。废水中这些高浓度的化学物质会干扰天然水资源，对环境造成严重的毒理学影响，对人类健康产生巨大影响。本文综述了各种含金属染料类型及其从进入废水的重金属离子污染情况，然后简要探讨了其对人类健康和环境的影响。基于石墨烯的吸附剂，特别是氧化石墨烯（GO），得益于有序结构、高比表面积和灵活的表面功能化选择，这些对于实现高性能的重金属离子去除是必不可少的。基于石墨烯材料的这些特殊吸附特性使其在我们的日常生活中无处不在。文中讨论了纺织废水有效修复方法的总体情况，并重点关注基于GO的吸附方法。还讨论了理解基于GO的材料对建立重金属离子去除吸附组合的关键影响。综述中详细讨论了各种重金属离子及其污染影响、去除此类重金属离子的方法以及基于石墨烯的吸附剂的作用，包括它们的需求、前景、局限性和相对范围。
