attachment security, verbal ability, and inhibitory control in middle childhood.
Attachment security, verbal ability, and inhibitory control in middle childhood.
机构信息
Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815, Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2021 Feb 4;9(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00524-7.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between parent-child attachment and executive function (EF) in middle childhood remains relatively poorly studied. Very little is known about the role that the child's verbal ability might play in these relationships. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the concurrent links between perceived attachment security with parents and hot and cool inhibitory control (IC)-a core component of EF-as well as the potential mediating role of verbal ability in those links.
METHODS
The participants were 160 children aged 8 to 12 (51% girls). They completed the Attachment Security Scale, the computerised version of the go/no-go task, the delay discounting task, and the vocabulary subtest from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Pearson's correlations were conducted to test relationships between the study variables. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine whether attachment security uniquely contributed to the outcomes after accounting for covariates. The indirect effects were tested using a non-parametric resampling bootstrap approach.
RESULTS
The results showed that, after accounting for the child's age and sex, there was a direct relationship between attachment security with the father and cool, but not hot, IC. However, there were no significant links between attachment security with the mother and both aspects of IC. We also found that children's verbal ability played a mediating role in the associations between both child-father and child-mother attachment security and hot, but not cool, IC above and beyond the child's age.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study extends previous work on executive functions in middle childhood. The results highlight the role of attachment in explaining individual differences in IC in middle childhood as well as the different mechanisms through which attachment with parents might explain cool vs. hot IC. The findings have potential implications for therapeutic interventions using the family context as a target to improve IC in middle childhood.
背景
儿童中期亲子依恋与执行功能（EF）之间的关系仍未得到充分研究。对于儿童言语能力在这些关系中可能发挥的作用，人们知之甚少。因此，在本研究中，我们探讨了儿童与父母的感知依恋安全性与冷热抑制控制（IC）之间的关联，IC 是 EF 的核心组成部分，以及言语能力在这些关联中的潜在中介作用。
方法
参与者为 160 名 8 至 12 岁的儿童（51%为女孩）。他们完成了依恋安全量表、计算机化的 Go/No-Go 任务、延迟折扣任务和韦氏儿童智力量表的词汇子测验。Pearson 相关分析用于测试研究变量之间的关系。进行分层多元线性回归分析，以检验在考虑协变量后，依恋安全性是否对结果有独特的贡献。使用非参数重采样引导方法检验间接效应。
结果
结果表明，在考虑儿童年龄和性别后，与父亲的依恋安全性与冷 IC 直接相关，但与热 IC 无关。然而，与母亲的依恋安全性与冷热 IC 均无显著关联。我们还发现，儿童的言语能力在儿童与父亲和母亲的依恋安全性与冷热 IC 之间的关联中发挥了中介作用，超出了儿童年龄的影响。
结论
本研究扩展了之前关于儿童中期执行功能的研究。结果强调了依恋在解释儿童中期 IC 个体差异方面的作用，以及父母依恋通过不同机制解释冷 IC 与热 IC 的作用。这些发现对于使用家庭环境作为目标来改善儿童中期 IC 的治疗干预具有潜在意义。
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