Pinto Alexandra, Veríssimo Manuela, Gatinho Ana, Santos António J, Vaughn Brian E
a William James Center for Research , ISPA-Instituto Universitário , Lisbon , Portugal.
b Human Development & Family Studies , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA.
Attach Hum Dev. 2015;17(6):586-98. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1093009. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
The present study aims to test Bowlby's suggestions concerning relations between the child's attachment quality with parents and subsequently constructed models of self-worth during early childhood. In most research on this question, attachment with mothers is considered in relation to self-worth but the child's attachment with fathers is not. Neither has the peer group been studied as an influence on child self-esteem, in the context of attachment research. This study addresses these relatively unstudied influences on child self-esteem. Attachment security to mother and father was measured by the Attachment Behavior Q-Set at two and half years of age. At five years of age social acceptance was measured using two sociometric techniques, and the self-esteem with the California Child Q-Sort. Our analyses indicated that security of the attachment to father and peer acceptance are both unique, significant predictors of the childrens' self-esteem. The security of the attachment to mother was also related to child self-esteem but did not emerge as a uniquely significant predictor. Peer acceptance appeared to moderate of the effect of the security of the attachment to father on the self-esteem of children. Our results extend the relatively sparse literature relating early attachments to self-esteem during early childhood.
本研究旨在检验鲍尔比关于儿童与父母的依恋质量以及随后在幼儿期构建的自我价值模型之间关系的建议。在关于这个问题的大多数研究中，与母亲的依恋是与自我价值相关联进行考量的，但儿童与父亲的依恋却未被纳入。在依恋研究的背景下，同伴群体对儿童自尊的影响也未得到研究。本研究探讨了这些相对未被研究的对儿童自尊的影响。通过依恋行为Q分类法在儿童两岁半时测量其对母亲和父亲的依恋安全性。在儿童五岁时，使用两种社会测量技术测量其社会接纳程度，并使用加利福尼亚儿童Q分类法测量其自尊。我们的分析表明，对父亲的依恋安全性和同伴接纳都是儿童自尊的独特且重要的预测因素。对母亲的依恋安全性也与儿童自尊相关，但并未成为一个独特的重要预测因素。同伴接纳似乎调节了父亲依恋安全性对儿童自尊的影响。我们的研究结果扩展了关于幼儿期早期依恋与自尊关系的相对较少的文献。
