Altınbaş Yasemin, Aslan Sinan, Karaca Türkan
Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
Batman University, Batman, Turkey.
Wound Manag Prev. 2021 Feb;67(2):40-47.
Patients who have undergone tracheostomy may feel weak, perceive a change in their health status, and have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADL) following hospital discharge.
To investigate the relationships among self-care agency, health perception, and ADL in patients after tracheostomy.
A cross-sectional multisite descriptive study was conducted between December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2020. The sample consisted of 123 patients discharged from 3 hospitals in different regions of Turkey who agreed to participate in the study, were discharged with a tracheostomy, and received home care for at least 1 month (maximum 3 months) after discharge. The Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the Self-Care Agency Scale (SCAS), Perception of Health Scale (PHS), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale were used and completed during face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze data; P < .05 was accepted as the level of significance.
Sixty-three (63) of 123 patients (51.2%) were 65 years and older, 86 (69.9%) were male, and 62 (50%) did not receive regular outpatient care. Most underwent surgery < 45 days ago (69; 56%), had cancer (92; 75%), and spent between zero and 185 US dollars per month on tracheostomy care (94; 76%). Compared with patients who received regular outpatient care, SCAS, PHS, and ADL scores were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients who did not receive this care. Overall scores showed moderate self-care agency and health perception, and the average ADL scores (14.92 ± 3.05) were in the independent range. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between health perception and self-care agency (r = 0.628; P = .001), health perception and ADL (r = 0.238; P = .008), and self-care agency and ADL (r = 0.461; P = .001).
Patients who underwent tracheostomy had moderate SCAS and PHS scores, were able to perform ADL independently, and the scores were correlated. Patients with access to outpatient care had significantly higher SCAS, PHS, and ADL scores than patients who did not. Follow-up care may affect all dimensions of health and well-being.
接受气管造口术的患者在出院后可能会感到虚弱，意识到自身健康状况发生变化，并且在进行日常生活活动（ADL）时存在困难。
调查气管造口术后患者的自我护理能力、健康认知与ADL之间的关系。
于2019年12月31日至2020年3月31日进行了一项多地点横断面描述性研究。样本包括来自土耳其不同地区3家医院的123名出院患者，这些患者同意参与研究，出院时带有气管造口，出院后接受了至少1个月（最长3个月）的家庭护理。在面对面访谈期间使用并完成了社会人口学特征表、自我护理能力量表（SCAS）、健康认知量表（PHS）和日常生活活动（ADL）量表。使用描述性统计、独立样本t检验、方差分析和Pearson相关分析来分析数据；P <.05被视为显著性水平。
123名患者中有63名（51.2%）年龄在65岁及以上，86名（69.9%）为男性，62名（50%）未接受定期门诊护理。大多数患者在<45天前接受了手术（69例；56%），患有癌症（92例；75%），每月气管造口护理费用在0至185美元之间（94例；76%）。与接受定期门诊护理的患者相比，未接受此类护理的患者的SCAS、PHS和ADL评分显著更低（P <0.05）。总体评分显示自我护理能力和健康认知处于中等水平，ADL平均评分（14.92±3.05）处于独立范围。在健康认知与自我护理能力之间（r = 0.628；P =.001）、健康认知与ADL之间（r = 0.238；P =.008）以及自我护理能力与ADL之间（r = 0.461；P =.001）发现了具有统计学意义的正相关。
接受气管造口术的患者SCAS和PHS评分中等，能够独立进行ADL，且评分之间存在相关性。能够获得门诊护理的患者的SCAS、PHS和ADL评分显著高于未获得门诊护理的患者。后续护理可能会影响健康和幸福的各个方面。
