Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2021 May;1865(5):129858. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129858. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles functioning in diverse reactions and processes such as energy metabolism, apoptosis, innate immunity, and aging, whose quality and quantity control is critical for cell homeostasis. Mitochondria-specific autophagy, termed mitophagy, is an evolutionarily conserved process that selectively degrades mitochondria via autophagy, thereby contributing to mitochondrial quality and quantity control. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single-pass membrane protein Atg32 accumulates on the surface of mitochondria and recruit the autophagy machinery to initiate mitophagy. This catabolic process is elaborately regulated through transcriptional induction and post-translational modifications of Atg32. Notably, other factors acting in manifold pathways including protein N-terminal acetylation, phospholipid methylation, stress signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein dephosphorylation and membrane protein insertion are also linked to mitophagy. Here we review recent discoveries of molecules regulating mitophagy in yeast.
线粒体是一种动态细胞器，参与多种反应和过程，如能量代谢、细胞凋亡、先天免疫和衰老等，其质量和数量的控制对于细胞内稳态至关重要。线粒体特异性自噬，称为线粒体自噬，是一种进化上保守的过程，通过自噬选择性降解线粒体，从而有助于线粒体质量和数量的控制。在芽殖酵母酿酒酵母中，单次跨膜蛋白 Atg32 在线粒体表面积累并募集自噬机制来启动线粒体自噬。这个分解代谢过程通过 Atg32 的转录诱导和翻译后修饰来精细调控。值得注意的是，其他作用于多种途径的因子，包括蛋白质 N 端乙酰化、磷脂甲基化、应激信号以及内质网定位的蛋白质去磷酸化和膜蛋白插入，也与线粒体自噬有关。在这里，我们综述了酵母中线粒体自噬调控分子的最新发现。
