低氧预处理联合高原训练对游泳运动员CD55、CD59及免疫功能的影响

Effects of hypoxic preconditioning combined with altitude training on CD55, CD59 and the immune function of swimmers.

作者信息

Wang Xi, Huang Lin, Gao Huan

机构信息

Laboratory of Hypoxia, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Anti-doping Agency, Shanghai, China.

Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China. Email:

出版信息

Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jan;10(1):509-517. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-2379.

DOI:10.21037/apm-20-2379

PMID:33545782

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hypoxic preconditioning refers to a certain intensity and time of hypoxic exposure before hypoxic stress, which makes the body produce endogenous protection to enhance the body's tolerance to subsequent more severe hypoxia. However, there are few studies on the effects of hypoxic preconditioning combined with altitude training on the immune system of athletes.

METHODS

Nine swimmers from Shanghai underwent 3-week hypoxic preconditioning [living high-training low (HiLo)] combined with 3-week altitude training. CD55 and CD59 expression in red blood cells (RBCs), CD55 and CD59 expression in white blood cells (WBCs), RBC count, WBC count, T lymphocyte CD3, CD4, CD8 expression, and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA were measured 4 times: before the start of hypoxic preconditioning, in the first week of hypoxic preconditioning, at the end of hypoxic preconditioning (i.e., before the start of altitude training), and at the end of altitude training.

RESULTS

CD55 and CD59 expression in RBCs significantly increased in the first week of hypoxic preconditioning (P<0.05), returned to baseline levels at the end of preconditioning, and significantly increased again during altitude training (P&lt0.05). CD55 and CD59 expression in WBCs decreased significantly during hypoxic preconditioning (P&lt0.05) and increased significantly during altitude training (P&lt0.05). CD3 expression first decreased and then increased in the hypoxic preconditioning phase, then decreased again in the altitude training phase. However, there was no significant difference in each phase. CD4/CD8 expression after altitude training was significantly lower than that before altitude training (P&lt0.05), but was not significantly different from that before the start of hypoxic preconditioning. IgG, IgM, and IgA did not fluctuate significantly throughout the experimental phase.

CONCLUSIONS

After hypoxic preconditioning combined with altitude training, the expression of CD55 and CD59 on the surface of RBCs and WBCs increased significantly, and T lymphocyte CD4/CD8 expression also increased. These results suggest an improvement in the complement regulation system and RBC immune function. Hypoxic preconditioning can therefore improve immunity and enhance the physical function of athletes during altitude training.

摘要

背景

低氧预处理是指在低氧应激之前进行一定强度和时间的低氧暴露，使机体产生内源性保护，增强机体对随后更严重低氧的耐受性。然而，关于低氧预处理联合高原训练对运动员免疫系统影响的研究较少。

方法

9名来自上海的游泳运动员进行了为期3周的低氧预处理[高住低练（HiLo）]并联合3周的高原训练。在低氧预处理开始前、低氧预处理第1周、低氧预处理结束时（即高原训练开始前）以及高原训练结束时这4个时间点，检测红细胞（RBC）表面CD55和CD59表达、白细胞（WBC）表面CD55和CD59表达、RBC计数、WBC计数、T淋巴细胞CD3、CD4、CD8表达以及免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM和IgA。

结果

低氧预处理第1周，RBC表面CD55和CD59表达显著增加（P<0.05），预处理结束时恢复至基线水平，在高原训练期间再次显著增加（P<0.05）。低氧预处理期间，WBC表面CD55和CD59表达显著降低（P<0.05），在高原训练期间显著增加（P<0.05）。CD3表达在低氧预处理阶段先降低后增加，在高原训练阶段再次降低。然而，各阶段均无显著差异。高原训练后CD4/CD8表达显著低于高原训练前（P<0.05），但与低氧预处理开始前无显著差异。IgG、IgM和IgA在整个实验阶段无明显波动。