Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), Bogor, West-Java, Indonesia.
J Econ Entomol. 2021 Apr 13;114(2):638-651. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa327.
To understand the effect of fluctuating temperature on the population characteristics of Tetranychus pacificus, we determined their life tables under constant temperatures between 10 and 35°C and fluctuating temperatures (12 h per day at each of 5°C above and 5°C below the corresponding constant temperature). Tetranychus pacificus eggs did not hatch when held at a constant temperature of 10°C, whereas 77.6% of the T. pacificus eggs reached an adult life stage at fluctuating temperature 10°C ± 5°C. Female preadult development was faster under fluctuating temperatures 12.5, 15, and 20°C than under constant temperatures, whereas it was not significantly different at temperatures ≥ 22.5°C. The lower developmental thresholds (T0) for female preadult development were 10.24 and 5.73°C for the constant and fluctuating temperatures, respectively, while the thermal summations (K) were 215.10 and 265.64 degree days, respectively. The net reproductive rates (R0) at constant temperatures 15 and 35°C were significantly higher than those at the corresponding fluctuating temperatures. However, for 20, 25, and 30°C, the R0 values were not significantly different between constant and fluctuating temperatures. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) at fluctuating temperatures 10, 20, and 30°C were higher compared to the corresponding constant temperature. However, the values of r and λ at constant 25 and 35°C were higher than those at fluctuating temperature. The differential responses of life history between constant and fluctuating temperatures help to understand the population dynamics of T. pacificus under natural conditions.
为了了解温度波动对瘤胸长足小蜂种群特征的影响，我们在 10 至 35°C 的恒温下和波动温度下（每天 12 小时，温度分别比相应的恒温高 5°C 和低 5°C）确定了它们的生命表。当温度保持在 10°C 的恒温时，瘤胸长足小蜂的卵不会孵化，而在波动温度 10°C±5°C 下，有 77.6%的瘤胸长足小蜂卵达到成虫生活阶段。在波动温度 12.5、15 和 20°C 下，雌成虫预蛹期的发育速度比恒温下更快，而在温度≥22.5°C 时则没有显著差异。雌成虫预蛹期的较低发育阈值（T0）分别为恒温和波动温度下的 10.24°C 和 5.73°C，而热总和（K）分别为 215.10°C 和 265.64°C。恒温下 15 和 35°C 的净生殖率（R0）显著高于相应的波动温度下的 R0。然而，在 20、25 和 30°C 下，恒温和波动温度下的 R0 值没有显著差异。波动温度 10、20 和 30°C 下的内禀增长率（r）和有限增长率（λ）均高于相应的恒温。然而，恒温 25 和 35°C 下的 r 和 λ 值高于波动温度。恒温和波动温度下生活史的差异响应有助于理解瘤胸长足小蜂在自然条件下的种群动态。
