College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China.
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Mar 31;174:512-518. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.008. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
It has been well documented that different strains of Aureobasidium spp. can synthesize and secrete over 30.0 g/L of polymalate (PMA) and the produced PMA has many potential applications in biomaterial, medical and food industries. The substrates for PMA biosynthesis include glucose, xylose, fructose, sucrose and glucose or fructose or xylose or sucrose-containing natural materials from industrial and agricultural wastes. Malate, the only monomer for PMA biosynthesis mainly comes from TCA cycle, cytosolic reduction TCA pathway and the glyoxylate cycle. The PMA synthetase (a NRPS) containing A like domain, T domain and C like domain is responsible for polymerization of malate into PMA molecules by formation of ester bonds between malates. PMA biosynthesis is regulated by the transcriptional activator Crz1 from Ca signaling pathway, the GATA-type transcription factor Gat1 from nitrogen catabolite repression and the GATA-type transcription factor NsdD.
已有大量文献记载，不同的金孢子菌（Aureobasidium spp.）菌株可以合成并分泌超过 30.0 g/L 的聚苹果酸（PMA），而所产生的 PMA 在生物材料、医学和食品工业中有许多潜在的应用。PMA 生物合成的底物包括葡萄糖、木糖、果糖、蔗糖以及来自工业和农业废物的含有葡萄糖、果糖、木糖或蔗糖的天然物质。苹果酸是 PMA 生物合成的唯一单体，主要来自三羧酸 (TCA) 循环、胞质还原 TCA 途径和乙醛酸循环。含有 A 样结构域、T 结构域和 C 样结构域的 PMA 合成酶（NRPS）通过在苹果酸之间形成酯键将苹果酸聚合成长链 PMA 分子。PMA 的生物合成受钙信号通路中的转录激活因子 Crz1、氮分解代谢阻遏物中的 GATA 型转录因子 Gat1 和 GATA 型转录因子 NsdD 调控。
