Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 1;771:144780. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144780. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
For further understanding of glacial meltwater's (GMW) impacts on marine environments, five coves adjacent to diverse glaciers of King George Island, Antarctica were investigated through surface measurements of water quality parameters. Measurements were conducted 49 times during January, February and March of 2019, with sampling performed in unprecedently close proximity to glacial fronts (<50 m distance from glacier termini in each cove) to create a unique dataset. Four out of five of the coves were inspected through vertical profiling to show water-column stratification. The findings showed synchronized GMW influence causing decreases of salinity, temperature, and dissolved organic matter contents, combined with increased pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen values. GMW presence was most correlated with dissolved organic matter content (93% of the cases >0.5 correlation noted with either turbidity or salinity) and least correlated with water temperature (from 22% to 77% of the cases with >0.5 correlation, dependent on the cove). In contrast to previous studies, the pH values of seawater infused with GMW were higher than those of the surrounding water. GMW was shown to stay in the boundary surface layer of the water column. Phytoplankton pigment quantities depending on the localization, time and distance from the glacial termini presented varied response to GMW (positive, negative or ambivalent with hotspots of simultaneous high GMW and phytoplankton quantities). The positive response to glacial water input was more often noted in measurements of phycoerythrin (from 0 to 80% of the cases depending on the cove) rather than chlorophyll A (from 0 to 25%) and maximum quantities of both biological pigments were found at a depth of approximately 5-10 m.
为了进一步了解冰川融水（GMW）对海洋环境的影响，研究人员对南极洲乔治王岛不同冰川附近的五个海湾进行了水质参数的表面测量。这些测量是在 2019 年 1 月、2 月和 3 月期间进行的，共进行了 49 次，采样位置非常接近冰川前缘（每个海湾距离冰川末端不到 50 米），从而创建了一个独特的数据集。其中四个海湾进行了垂直剖面测量，以展示水柱分层情况。研究结果表明，冰川融水的同步影响导致盐度、温度和溶解有机物含量降低，同时 pH 值、浊度和溶解氧值升高。冰川融水的存在与溶解有机物含量的相关性最强（93%的情况下，浊度或盐度的相关性大于 0.5），与水温的相关性最弱（22%至 77%的情况下，相关性大于 0.5，具体取决于海湾）。与之前的研究不同，注入冰川融水的海水 pH 值高于周围海水的 pH 值。冰川融水被发现停留在水柱边界层表面。根据定位、时间和距离冰川末端的不同，浮游植物色素的数量对冰川融水的反应各不相同（正相关、负相关或不确定，同时存在高冰川融水和浮游植物数量的热点）。对冰川水输入的正向响应在藻红蛋白的测量中更为常见（取决于海湾，0 到 80%的情况下），而不是叶绿素 A（0 到 25%），并且两种生物色素的最大数量都出现在大约 5-10 米的深度。
