Dorobantu Maria, Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina, Scafa-Udriste Alexandru, Onciul Sebastian, Pop Calin, Dorobantu Lucian, Darabont Roxana
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
"Vasile Goldis" University, Faculty of Medicine, Arad, Romania.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(29):3173-3179. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210125154749.
The gender effects in arterial hypertension (HT) epidemiology remain poorly clarified to date. We present an up-to-date review of the data regarding gender disparities in HT's prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Based on the data from three consecutive national-representative SEPHAR (Study for the Evaluation of Prevalence of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk in Romania) surveys conducted between 2005 and 2016, we provide insights into gender differences in HT's epidemiology and their 11- years the evolutionary trend in a high-CV risk European country. Our data displays gender effects in different age-dependent epidemiological patterns in terms of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control, mainly due to hormonal status. Hypertension's prevalence is higher in younger men and older women. Although women are more often aware of their hypertensive condition and receive more often antihypertensive treatment, BP control is lower in older women compared to men of the same age, mainly due to a higher treatment side-effect rate. There is no solid evidence that different antihypertensive drugs exhibit different effects in lowering BP values between genders. In high CV risk European countries like Romania, if all the influencing conditions remain similar to those in the past 11 years, gender discrepancies in terms of HT's prevalence will diminish over time, awareness and treatment of hypertension will continue to be higher in females than in men, with an upward trend of BP control predicted only for women, while in men HT treatment control rate is expected to stagnate.
迄今为止，动脉高血压（HT）流行病学中的性别效应仍未得到充分阐明。我们对有关HT患病率、知晓率、治疗和控制方面的性别差异数据进行了最新综述。基于2005年至2016年间连续开展的三项具有全国代表性的SEPHAR（罗马尼亚高血压和心血管风险患病率评估研究）调查数据，我们深入探讨了HT流行病学中的性别差异及其在一个心血管高风险欧洲国家11年的演变趋势。我们的数据显示，在高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗和控制方面，不同年龄相关的流行病学模式存在性别效应，主要归因于激素状态。年轻男性和老年女性的高血压患病率较高。尽管女性更常知晓自己的高血压状况且更常接受抗高血压治疗，但与同龄男性相比，老年女性的血压控制率较低，主要是因为治疗副作用发生率较高。没有确凿证据表明不同的抗高血压药物在降低男女血压值方面表现出不同的效果。在像罗马尼亚这样的心血管高风险欧洲国家，如果所有影响因素保持与过去11年相似，HT患病率方面的性别差异将随着时间推移而减小，女性对高血压的知晓率和治疗率将继续高于男性，预计只有女性的血压控制率呈上升趋势，而男性的HT治疗控制率预计将停滞不前。
