Abra Fernanda Delborgo, Huijser Marcel Pieter, Magioli Marcelo, Bovo Alex Augusto Abreu, Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros
Forest Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Viafauna Estudos Ambientais, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Heliyon. 2021 Jan 26;7(1):e06015. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06015. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Roadkill estimates for different species and species groups are available for many countries and regions. However, there is a lack of information from tropical countries, including from Latin America. In this study, we analyzed medium and large-sized mammal roadkill data from 18 toll road companies (TRC) in São Paulo State (6,580 km of monitored toll roads), Brazil. We extrapolated these roadkill numbers to the entire system of major paved roads in the State (36,503 km). The TRC collected mammal-road- mortality data both before (2-lanes) and after (4-lanes) road reconstruction. We used the "before" data from the TRC to estimate annual mammal-road-mortality along 2-lane roads that remained public roads. Combined with the data for the new 4-lane highways, this allowed us to estimate annual mammal road mortality for all the paved roads in the State. During 10 years of roadkill monitoring along toll roads, a total of 37,744 roadkilled mammals were recorded, representing a total of 32 medium to large-sized mammal species (average number of roadkilled individuals/year = 3,774 ± 1,159; min = 1,932; max = 5,369; 0.6 individuals roadkilled/km/year). Most roadkilled species were common generalists, but there were also relatively high roadkill numbers of threatened and endangered species (4.3% of the data), which is a serious conservation concern. Most of the roadkill was reported occurred during the nocturnal period (66%, n = 14,189) and in the rainy months (October-March) (55%, n = 15,318). Reported mammal roadkill tended to increase between 2009 and 2014 (R = 0.614; p = 0.065), with an average increase of 313.5 individuals/year. Extrapolation of the results to the entire São Paulo State, resulted in an average estimate of 39,605 medium and large-sized mammals roadkilled per year. Our estimates of the number of roadkilled individuals can be used as one of the input parameters in population viability analyses to understand the extinction or extirpation risk, especially for threatened and endangered species.
许多国家和地区都有不同物种及物种组的公路死亡估计数据。然而，包括拉丁美洲在内的热带国家缺乏相关信息。在本研究中，我们分析了巴西圣保罗州18家收费公路公司（TRC）（监测收费公路6580公里）的中型和大型哺乳动物公路死亡数据。我们将这些公路死亡数量推算至该州主要铺装道路的整个系统（36503公里）。TRC在道路重建前（双车道）和重建后（四车道）都收集了哺乳动物道路死亡数据。我们利用TRC的“之前”数据来估计沿仍为公共道路的双车道道路上的年度哺乳动物道路死亡率。结合新四车道高速公路的数据，这使我们能够估计该州所有铺装道路的年度哺乳动物道路死亡率。在对收费公路进行10年的公路死亡监测期间，共记录了37744只公路死亡哺乳动物，代表32种中型到大型哺乳动物物种（每年公路死亡个体平均数 = 3774 ± 1159；最小值 = 1932；最大值 = 5369；每公里每年0.6个个体公路死亡）。大多数公路死亡物种是常见的泛化种，但受威胁和濒危物种的公路死亡数量也相对较高（占数据的4.3%），这是一个严重的保护问题。大多数公路死亡报告发生在夜间（66%，n = 14189）和雨季（10月至3月）（55%，n = 15318）。2009年至2014年期间，报告的哺乳动物公路死亡数量呈上升趋势（R = 0.614；p = 0.065），平均每年增加313.5个个体。将结果推算至整个圣保罗州，得出每年平均估计有39605只中型和大型哺乳动物公路死亡。我们对公路死亡个体数量的估计可作为种群生存力分析的输入参数之一，以了解灭绝或局部灭绝风险，特别是对于受威胁和濒危物种。
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