Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620024, India.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Arch Microbiol. 2021 Jul;203(5):2043-2057. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02183-z. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
The Covid-19 pandemic is highly contagious and has spread rapidly across the globe. To date there have been no specific treatment options available for this life-threatening disease. During this medical emergency, target-based drug repositioning/repurposing with a continuous monitoring and recording of results is an effective method for the treatment and drug discovery. This review summarizes the recent findings on COVID-19, its genomic organization, molecular evolution through phylogenetic analysis and has recapitulated the drug targets by analyzing the viral molecular machinery as drug targets and repurposing of most frequently used drugs worldwide and their therapeutic applications in COVID-19. Data from solidarity trials have shown that the treatment with Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir-ritonavir had no effect in reducing the mortality rate and also had adverse side effects. Remdesivir, Favipiravir and Ribavirin might be a safer therapeutic option for COVID-19. Recent clinical trial has revealed that dexamethasone and convalescent plasma treatment can reduce mortality in patients with severe forms of COVID-19.
Covid-19 疫情具有高度传染性，已在全球迅速传播。迄今为止，尚无针对这种危及生命的疾病的特定治疗方法。在这场医疗紧急情况下，以目标为基础的药物重新定位/重新利用，并持续监测和记录结果，是治疗和药物发现的有效方法。这篇综述总结了最近关于 COVID-19 的发现，包括其基因组组织、通过系统发育分析的分子进化，以及通过分析病毒分子机制作为药物靶点，并重新利用全球最常用的药物及其在 COVID-19 中的治疗应用。团结试验的数据表明，氯喹、羟氯喹和洛匹那韦-利托那韦治疗并没有降低死亡率，而且还有不良反应。瑞德西韦、法匹拉韦和利巴韦林可能是 COVID-19 的更安全的治疗选择。最近的临床试验表明，地塞米松和恢复期血浆治疗可以降低 COVID-19 重症患者的死亡率。
