Emmanuelle Noirrit-Esclassan, Marie-Cécile Valera, Florence Trémollieres, Jean-François Arnal, Françoise Lenfant, Coralie Fontaine, Alexia Vinel
I2MC, INSERM UMR 1297, University of Toulouse III, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Toulouse III, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 4;22(4):1568. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041568.
Bone is a multi-skilled tissue, protecting major organs, regulating calcium phosphate balance and producing hormones. Its development during childhood determines height and stature as well as resistance against fracture in advanced age. Estrogens are key regulators of bone turnover in both females and males. These hormones play a major role in longitudinal and width growth throughout puberty as well as in the regulation of bone turnover. In women, estrogen deficiency is one of the major causes of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this review, we will summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the effects of estrogens not only in females but also in males, during different life stages. Effects of estrogens on bone involve either Estrogen Receptor (ER)α or ERβ depending on the type of bone (femur, vertebrae, tibia, mandible), the compartment (trabecular or cortical), cell types involved (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes) and sex. Finally, we will discuss new ongoing strategies to increase the benefit/risk ratio of the hormonal treatment of menopause.
骨骼是一种多功能组织，可保护主要器官、调节钙磷平衡并产生激素。儿童时期骨骼的发育决定了身高和体型，以及老年时抵抗骨折的能力。雌激素是女性和男性骨转换的关键调节因子。这些激素在整个青春期的纵向和横向生长以及骨转换调节中起主要作用。在女性中，雌激素缺乏是绝经后骨质疏松症的主要原因之一。在这篇综述中，我们将总结主要的临床和实验研究，这些研究报告了雌激素在不同生命阶段对女性和男性的影响。雌激素对骨骼的影响取决于骨骼类型（股骨、椎骨、胫骨、下颌骨）、骨腔室（小梁或皮质）、涉及的细胞类型（破骨细胞、成骨细胞和骨细胞）以及性别，涉及雌激素受体（ER）α 或 ERβ。最后，我们将讨论提高更年期激素治疗效益/风险比的新的正在进行的策略。
