Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2021 Sep;70(9):2503-2515. doi: 10.1007/s00262-021-02853-3. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies, but its application in solid tumors remains a challenge. Multiple hurdles associated with the biological and immunological features of solid tumors currently limit the application of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors. Using syngeneic mouse models, we recently reported that CAR-T cells engineered to concomitantly produce interleukin (IL)-7 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)-induced potent anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors through an improved ability of migration and proliferation even in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, for a preclinical evaluation preceding clinical application, we further explored the potential of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells using models that mimic the clinical features of solid tumors. Human anti-mesothelin CAR-T cells producing human IL-7/CCL19 achieved complete eradication of orthotopic pre-established malignant mesothelioma and prevented a relapse of tumors with downregulated antigen expression. Moreover, mice with patient-derived xenograft of mesothelin-positive pancreatic cancers exhibited significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival following treatment with IL-7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells, compared to treatment with conventional CAR-T cells. Transfer of IL-7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells resulted in an increase in not only CAR-T cells but also non-CAR-T cells within the tumor tissues and downregulated the expression of exhaustion markers, including PD-1 and TIGIT, on the T cells. Taken together, our current study elucidated the exceptional anti-tumor efficacy of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells and their potential for clinical application in the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
嵌合抗原受体 (CAR)-T 细胞疗法在血液恶性肿瘤中具有显著疗效,但在实体瘤中的应用仍然是一个挑战。目前,与实体瘤的生物学和免疫学特征相关的多个障碍限制了 CAR-T 细胞在实体瘤治疗中的应用。我们最近使用同基因小鼠模型报告称,同时表达白细胞介素 (IL)-7 和趋化因子 (C-C 基序) 配体 19 (CCL19) 的 CAR-T 细胞通过改善迁移和增殖能力,即使在免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境中,也能对实体瘤产生强大的抗肿瘤疗效。在这项研究中,为了在临床应用之前进行临床前评估,我们使用模拟实体瘤临床特征的模型进一步探索了产生 IL-7/CCL19 的人源 CAR-T 细胞的潜力。产生人源 IL-7/CCL19 的人抗间皮素 CAR-T 细胞实现了对原位预先建立的恶性间皮瘤的完全根除,并防止了抗原表达下调的肿瘤复发。此外,与使用常规 CAR-T 细胞相比,用产生 IL-7/CCL19 的 CAR-T 细胞治疗表达间皮素的胰腺癌细胞患者来源异种移植物的小鼠,肿瘤生长受到显著抑制,生存期延长。IL-7/CCL19 产生 CAR-T 细胞的转移不仅导致肿瘤组织中 CAR-T 细胞的增加,而且还导致非 CAR-T 细胞的增加,并下调了 T 细胞上的衰竭标志物(包括 PD-1 和 TIGIT)的表达。总之,我们目前的研究阐明了产生 IL-7/CCL19 的人源 CAR-T 细胞的卓越抗肿瘤疗效及其在治疗实体瘤患者中的临床应用潜力。
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