Department of ImmunologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
Cancer Res Commun. 2024 Sep 1;4(9):2514-2524. doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-24-0226.
UNLABELLED: Cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors and its combination with other anticancer therapies has emerged as a new standard of care because of the encouraging therapeutic effects in various solid cancers. Nonetheless, glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer remain resistant to immunotherapy and represent intractable cancers with the poorest prognosis. We investigated the therapeutic effects of next-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells producing IL7 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19; referred to as 7 × 19 CAR-T) in these intractable cancers. Cytotoxic activities and therapeutic effects of 7 × 19 CAR-T were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, in a model using EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII)-positive glioblastoma and anti-EGFRvIII CAR-T generated from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), or a model using HER2-positive pancreatic cancer organoids and anti-HER2 CAR-T generated from the same patient's PBMC. Anti-EGFRvIII 7 × 19 CAR-T exhibited cytotoxic activity specific to EGFRvIII-positive tumor, induced complete rejection of glioblastoma with massive T-cell infiltration and tumor cell death in the tumor tissues, and consequently prolonged mouse survival. Anti-HER2 7 × 19 CAR-T demonstrated a potent cytotoxic activity against autologous HER2-positive pancreatic cancer organoids and induced complete rejection of autologous tumor along with prolonged mouse survival. Our results suggest that 7 × 19 CAR-T could become a therapeutic option for glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of next-generation CAR-T in an autologous model using patient-derived tumor organoids and CAR-T generated from the same patient's PBMC, in which unwanted allogeneic immune responses are fully excluded. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the clinical development of CAR T-cell therapy, its efficacy in solid cancers has yet to be established. This study explored the therapeutic potential and immunologic mechanisms of IL7/CCL19-producing CAR-T therapy in preclinical solid cancer models of glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. We found that IL7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells generated from the patient's PBMC showed potent therapeutic effects against the solid cancer model established by inoculating organoids from the autologous tumor tissue.
未标记:由于在各种实体瘤中取得了令人鼓舞的治疗效果,使用免疫检查点抑制剂的癌症免疫疗法及其与其他抗癌疗法的联合应用已成为新的治疗标准。然而,胶质母细胞瘤和胰腺癌仍然对免疫疗法有抵抗力,并且是预后最差的难治性癌症。我们研究了在这些难治性癌症中产生白细胞介素 7 和趋化因子(C-C 基序)配体 19(CCL19;称为 7×19CAR-T)的下一代嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T 细胞的治疗效果。在使用表皮生长因子受体变体 III(EGFRvIII)阳性胶质母细胞瘤和由健康供体外周血单核细胞(PBMC)产生的抗 EGFRvIII CAR-T 的模型中,以及使用 HER2 阳性胰腺癌细胞类器官和由同一患者 PBMC 产生的抗 HER2 CAR-T 的模型中,评估了 7×19CAR-T 的细胞毒性活性和治疗效果。抗 EGFRvIII 7×19CAR-T 对 EGFRvIII 阳性肿瘤具有特异性细胞毒性活性,导致大量 T 细胞浸润和肿瘤组织中肿瘤细胞死亡,从而完全排斥胶质母细胞瘤,并延长了小鼠的存活时间。抗 HER2 7×19CAR-T 对自体 HER2 阳性胰腺癌细胞类器官具有强大的细胞毒性活性,并诱导自体肿瘤的完全排斥以及小鼠存活时间的延长。我们的结果表明,7×19CAR-T 可能成为胶质母细胞瘤和胰腺癌的治疗选择。据我们所知,这是第一项使用患者来源的肿瘤类器官和来自同一患者 PBMC 的 CAR-T 在自体模型中证明下一代 CAR-T 治疗效果的研究,其中完全排除了不需要的同种异体免疫反应。 意义:尽管 CAR T 细胞疗法的临床开发取得了进展,但它在实体瘤中的疗效尚未得到证实。本研究探索了 IL7/CCL19 产生的 CAR-T 疗法在胶质母细胞瘤和胰腺癌的临床前实体癌模型中的治疗潜力和免疫机制。我们发现,从患者 PBMC 中产生的 IL7/CCL19 产生的 CAR-T 细胞对接种来自自体肿瘤组织的类器官建立的实体癌模型显示出强大的治疗效果。
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