Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022;81(1):237-246. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0007. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Commonly, arterial anatomic variants are reported as single entities. However, different such variants can occur in a single patient.
During a retrospective study of computed tomography angiograms of 52 adult patients, 2 cases were found with unilateral maxillofacial trunks. In each case different other anatomic variants were documented.
The maxillofacial trunk in the first case was associated with bilateral posterior kinks of the internal carotid artery which passed beyond the transverse processes of the atlas vertebra and indented and displaced the internal jugular veins. Common carotid origins of the superior thyroid arteries were found, as well as a high origin of the contralateral facial artery. In the second case a plethora of variants were associated with a unilateral maxillofacial trunk: 1) direct occipital-vertebral arterial anastomosis; 2) ipsilateral atresia of the distal vertebral artery and of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery; 3) bilateral atresia of posterior communicating arteries; 4) linguofacial and labiomental trunks; 5) terminal trifurcation of the external carotid artery.
The arterial anatomical variants of the head and neck should be carefully documented prior to specific surgical and interventional procedures, as well as for understanding the compensatory anatomical pathways of circulatory insufficiencies.
通常，动脉解剖变异被报告为单一实体。然而，不同的变异可能发生在同一个患者身上。
在对 52 名成年患者的计算机断层血管造影进行回顾性研究期间，发现 2 例患者存在单侧颌面干。在每种情况下，都记录了不同的其他解剖变异。
第一例患者的颌面干与双侧颈内动脉后曲有关，这些动脉穿过寰椎的横突，并使颈内静脉凹陷和移位。发现了颈总动脉起源的甲状腺上动脉，以及对侧面动脉的高位起源。第二例患者的单侧颌面干与多种变异有关：1）直接枕骨-椎动脉吻合；2）同侧椎动脉远端和大脑前动脉 A1 段闭塞；3）双侧后交通动脉闭塞；4）语言面和唇颏干；5）颈外动脉终末三分叉。
在进行特定的手术和介入治疗之前，以及为了了解循环不足的代偿性解剖途径，应仔细记录头颈部的动脉解剖变异。
