Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2021 Jun 18;50(3):633-648. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvab001.
Five closely related species of greater fritillaries occur in North America east of the Mississippi River: regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia Drury [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), Diana fritillary (Speyeria diana Cramer [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele Fabricius [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis Edwards [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), and Aphrodite fritillary (Speyeria aphrodite Fabricius [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]). The regal fritillary and Diana fritillary are species of concern, whereas the great spangled fritillary, Atlantis fritillary, and Aphrodite fritillary are relatively abundant within their respective ranges. However, the Atlantis fritillary and Aphrodite fritillary have experienced severe population declines within the last few decades. We created ecological niche models for these five species by combining each species' known occurrences with climate and environmental variables to identify important response variables and determine the potential distribution of suitable habitat for each species. Important climate variables differed among species, although minimum temperature of the coldest month was important for great spangled, Atlantis, and Aphrodite fritillaries. The regal fritillary responded the most to temperature seasonality, whereas the Diana fritillary responded to maximum temperature of warmest month and the great spangled fritillary responded to annual precipitation. Land use was important for all species except the regal fritillary and average annual relative humidity was important for all species except the great spangled fritillary. This study highlights the different climate and habitat needs for greater fritillary species with important implications for how each species is expected to be impacted by climate change. We also demonstrate the value of citizen science and photo sharing websites for providing important data for evaluating species distributions.
在密西西比河以东的北美洲，有五种密切相关的大豹纹蝶：帝王豹纹蝶（Speyeria idalia Drury [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）、黛安娜豹纹蝶（Speyeria diana Cramer [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）、大豹纹蝶（Speyeria cybele Fabricius [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）、亚特兰蒂斯豹纹蝶（Speyeria atlantis Edwards [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）和阿佛洛狄忒豹纹蝶（Speyeria aphrodite Fabricius [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）。帝王豹纹蝶和黛安娜豹纹蝶是受关注的物种，而大豹纹蝶、亚特兰蒂斯豹纹蝶和阿佛洛狄忒豹纹蝶在各自的分布范围内相对丰富。然而，在过去几十年中，亚特兰蒂斯豹纹蝶和阿佛洛狄忒豹纹蝶的种群数量急剧下降。我们通过将每种物种的已知出现情况与气候和环境变量相结合，为这五种物种创建了生态位模型，以确定重要的响应变量，并确定每种物种适宜栖息地的潜在分布。虽然对大豹纹蝶、亚特兰蒂斯豹纹蝶和阿佛洛狄忒豹纹蝶而言，最冷月的最低温度很重要，但不同物种的重要气候变量也有所不同。帝王豹纹蝶对温度季节性的响应最大，而黛安娜豹纹蝶对最暖月的最高温度有响应，大豹纹蝶对年降水量有响应。除了帝王豹纹蝶外，土地利用对所有物种都很重要，除了大豹纹蝶外，平均年相对湿度对所有物种都很重要。本研究强调了大豹纹蝶物种不同的气候和生境需求，对每个物种如何受到气候变化的影响具有重要意义。我们还展示了公民科学和照片共享网站为评估物种分布提供重要数据的价值。
