Stasek David J, Bean Caitlin, Crist Thomas O
Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2008 Aug;37(4):897-906. doi: 10.1603/0046-225x(2008)37[897:baamap]2.0.co;2.
The spatial distribution of patchy insect populations is partly caused by behavioral patterns of insect movement that are influenced by habitat quality, isolation, and the permeability of the surrounding matrix. We recorded insect movements, abundance, and edge behaviors in two species of butterflies, the great-spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele F., Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and the pearl crescent (Phyciodes tharos Drury, Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), inhabiting remnant prairies surrounded by a forest matrix in south-central Ohio. We also determined the number of forest matrix types present and recorded the permeability of the different types to butterfly movement. The great-spangled fritillary exhibited a relatively high number of interpatch movements, a higher abundance at patch edges, and a propensity to cross the prairie-forest edges, and the forest matrix had a high permeability to butterfly movement. The pearl crescent, in contrast, rarely crossed edge boundaries, moved infrequently among patches, and was more abundant within the patch interior and in patches with high host-plant and flower densities. There were three structurally different forest matrix types separating habitat patches, which in previous studies would have been classified as a single deciduous forest matrix. Butterfly movement and edge behaviors mechanistically interact with patch quality, isolation, and the matrix permeability to determine the spatial structure of these populations in fragmented habitats.
斑块状昆虫种群的空间分布部分是由昆虫运动的行为模式造成的，这些行为模式受到栖息地质量、隔离程度以及周围基质渗透性的影响。我们记录了两种蝴蝶的昆虫运动、数量和边缘行为，这两种蝴蝶分别是大豹纹蝶（Speyeria cybele F.，鳞翅目：蛱蝶科）和珠新月蝶（Phyciodes tharos Drury，鳞翅目：蛱蝶科），它们栖息在俄亥俄州中南部被森林基质环绕的残余草原上。我们还确定了存在的森林基质类型数量，并记录了不同类型对蝴蝶运动的渗透性。大豹纹蝶表现出相对较多的斑块间移动、斑块边缘数量较多，并且有穿越草原 - 森林边缘的倾向，而且森林基质对蝴蝶运动具有较高的渗透性。相比之下，珠新月蝶很少穿越边缘边界，在斑块间移动不频繁，并且在斑块内部以及寄主植物和花朵密度高的斑块中数量更多。有三种结构不同的森林基质类型分隔着栖息地斑块，在之前的研究中这些类型会被归类为单一的落叶林基质。蝴蝶的运动和边缘行为与斑块质量、隔离程度以及基质渗透性存在机械相互作用，以确定这些破碎栖息地中种群的空间结构。
