Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
Molecules. 2021 Feb 5;26(4):828. doi: 10.3390/molecules26040828.
One major role of the eukaryotic peptidic post-translational modifier SUMO in the cell is transcriptional control. This occurs via modification of virtually all classes of transcriptional actors, which include transcription factors, transcriptional coregulators, diverse chromatin components, as well as Pol I-, Pol II- and Pol III transcriptional machineries and their regulators. For many years, the role of SUMOylation has essentially been studied on individual proteins, or small groups of proteins, principally dealing with Pol II-mediated transcription. This provided only a fragmentary view of how SUMOylation controls transcription. The recent advent of large-scale proteomic, modifomic and genomic studies has however considerably refined our perception of the part played by SUMO in gene expression control. We review here these developments and the new concepts they are at the origin of, together with the limitations of our knowledge. How they illuminate the SUMO-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that have been characterized thus far and how they impact our view of SUMO-dependent chromatin organization are also considered.
真核生物肽类翻译后修饰 SUMO 的一个主要作用是转录调控。这是通过修饰几乎所有类型的转录因子来实现的，包括转录因子、转录共激活因子、各种染色质成分，以及 Pol I、Pol II 和 Pol III 转录机器及其调节剂。多年来，SUMO 化的作用主要在单个蛋白质或少数蛋白质上进行研究，主要涉及 Pol II 介导的转录。这仅提供了 SUMO 化如何控制转录的零碎视图。然而，最近大规模蛋白质组学、修饰组学和基因组学研究的出现，极大地完善了我们对 SUMO 在基因表达控制中所起作用的认识。我们在这里回顾这些发展以及它们所引发的新概念，同时也考虑了我们知识的局限性。它们如何阐明迄今为止所描述的 SUMO 依赖性转录机制，以及它们如何影响我们对 SUMO 依赖性染色质组织的看法。
