1242 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
ICF, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2021 Nov-Dec;136(6):685-698. doi: 10.1177/0033354920970539. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
HIV disproportionately affects Hispanic/Latino people in the United States, and factors other than individual attributes may be contributing to these differences. We examined differences in the distribution of HIV diagnosis and social determinants of health (SDH) among US-born and non-US-born Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States and Puerto Rico.
We used data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) to determine US census tract-level HIV diagnosis rates and percentages among US-born and non-US-born Hispanic/Latino adults aged ≥18 for 2017. We merged data from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey with NHSS data to examine regional differences in federal poverty level, education, median household income, employment, and health insurance coverage among 8648 US-born (n = 3328) and non-US-born (n = 5320) Hispanic/Latino adults.
A comparison of US-born and non-US-born men by region showed similar distributions of HIV diagnoses. The largest percentages occurred in census tracts where ≥19% of residents lived below the federal poverty level, ≥18% did not finish high school, the median household income was <$40 000 per year, ≥6% were unemployed, and ≥16% did not have health insurance. A comparison of US-born and non-US-born women by region showed similar distributions.
The findings of higher numbers of HIV diagnoses among non-US-born Hispanic/Latino adults than among US-born Hispanic/Latino adults, regional similarities in patterns of SDH and HIV percentages and rates, and Hispanic/Latino adults faring poorly in each SDH category are important for understanding SDH barriers that may be affecting Hispanic/Latino adults with HIV in the United States.
艾滋病毒在美国不成比例地影响西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群，而可能有除个人属性以外的其他因素促成了这些差异。我们研究了美国和波多黎各出生的和非出生的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人中艾滋病毒诊断的分布差异和健康社会决定因素（SDH）。
我们使用报告给疾病控制和预防中心国家艾滋病毒监测系统（NHSS）的数据，以确定 2017 年≥18 岁的美国出生和非美国出生的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的美国人口普查区艾滋病毒诊断率和百分比。我们将美国人口普查局的美国社区调查数据与 NHSS 数据合并，以研究 8648 名美国出生（n=3328）和非美国出生（n=5320）西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人中联邦贫困水平、教育、家庭中位数收入、就业和医疗保险覆盖情况在不同地区的差异。
按地区比较男性出生和非出生的情况，艾滋病毒诊断的分布相似。最大的百分比出现在居民中≥19%生活在联邦贫困线以下、≥18%未完成高中学业、家庭中位数收入<每年 40000 美元、≥6%失业和≥16%没有医疗保险的人口普查区。按地区比较女性出生和非出生的情况，结果相似。
非美国出生的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人中艾滋病毒诊断数量多于美国出生的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人，SDH 和艾滋病毒百分比和比率模式的区域相似性，以及在每个 SDH 类别中表现不佳的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人，这些都是理解可能影响美国感染艾滋病毒的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的 SDH 障碍的重要因素。
