College of Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;16(8):949-957. doi: 10.2174/1574888X16666210203112016.
Bone regeneration is a critical problem in modern clinical practice. Osteocytes are the most abundant cell population of mature adult bone that play a major role in the regulation of bone formation. In humans, segmental bone defects cannot be repaired by endogenous regenerative mechanisms. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising option for the treatment of difficult segmental and skeletal defects. BTE requires suitable cell sources with rapid expansion and adequate function, inducible factors, and scaffolds to successfully regenerate or repair the bone injury. To overcome the disadvantages of using allogeneic and autologous tissue grafts, stem cell-based therapy has progressed in regenerative medicine. In the past few decades, numerous attempts have been made to generate osteocytes by using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to repair and regenerate bone defects. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are PSCs that can self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types. Reprogramming of human somatic cells into hiPSCs provides a new opportunity for regenerative medicine, cell-based drug discovery, disease modeling, and toxicity assessment. The ability to differentiate hiPSCs from mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) is essential for treating bone-related damages and injuries. Several in vitro studies revealed that the cell origin of iPSCs, a combination of transcription factors, the type of promoter in the vector, transduction methods, scaffolds, differentiating techniques, and culture medium, may affect the osteogenic differentiation potential of hiPSCs. This review will focus on several factors that influence the osteogenic differentiation of human iPSCs.
骨再生是现代临床实践中的一个关键问题。骨细胞是成熟成人骨中最丰富的细胞群体，在骨形成的调节中起着主要作用。在人类中，节段性骨缺损不能通过内源性再生机制修复。骨组织工程（BTE）是治疗困难节段性和骨骼缺损的一种有前途的选择。BTE 需要合适的细胞来源，具有快速扩增和足够的功能、诱导因子和支架，以成功地再生或修复骨损伤。为了克服使用同种异体和自体组织移植物的缺点，基于干细胞的治疗在再生医学中取得了进展。在过去的几十年中，人们已经尝试了许多方法，利用多能干细胞（PSCs）生成骨细胞，以修复和再生骨缺损。人诱导多能干细胞（hiPSCs）是能够自我更新并分化为多种细胞类型的 PSCs。将人类体细胞重编程为 hiPSCs 为再生医学、基于细胞的药物发现、疾病建模和毒性评估提供了新的机会。从间充质干细胞（iPSC-MSCs）分化 hiPSCs 的能力对于治疗与骨相关的损伤至关重要。几项体外研究表明，hiPSCs 的细胞来源、转录因子的组合、载体中的启动子类型、转导方法、支架、分化技术和培养基，都可能影响 hiPSCs 的成骨分化潜能。本文综述了影响人 iPSCs 成骨分化的几个因素。
