Dial K P, Kaplan S R, Goslow G E, Jenkins F A
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011.
J Exp Biol. 1988 Jan;134:1-16. doi: 10.1242/jeb.134.1.1.
In domestic pigeons (Columba livia), the electrical activity of the major depressor muscle of the wing, the pectoralis (pars thoracicus), beings in late upstroke well before the wing begins its downstroke excursion. The two architecturally distinct heads of the pectoralis, the sternobrachialis and the thoracobrachialis, are differentially recruited during take-off, level flight and landing. In addition to wing depression, the sternobrachialis protracts the humerus and the thoracobrachialis retracts the humerus. At the point of transition from wing upstroke to downstroke, the pectoralis EMG signal typically exhibits a reduction in amplitude. The supracoracoideus, in addition to an expected EMG associated with wing elevation, is co-activated with the pectoralis about 50% of the time.
在家鸽（Columba livia）中，翅膀主要下压肌胸肌（胸段）的电活动在翅膀开始向下冲程运动之前的上冲程后期就开始了。胸肌在结构上不同的两个头，即胸锁臂肌和胸臂肌，在起飞、平飞和着陆过程中被不同程度地募集。除了翅膀下压外，胸锁臂肌使肱骨前伸，胸臂肌使肱骨后缩。在从翅膀上冲程过渡到下冲程的时刻，胸肌肌电图信号的幅度通常会降低。除了与翅膀抬高相关的预期肌电图外，胸上肌约有50%的时间与胸肌共同激活。
