Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
J Neurochem. 2021 Jul;158(2):94-104. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15320. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
The enteric nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of gastrointestinal tract functions and is often referred to as the 'second brain' because it shares many features with the central nervous system. These similarities include among others a large panel of neurotransmitters, a large population of glial cells and a susceptibility to neurodegeneration. This close homology between the central and enteric nervous systems suggests that a disease process affecting the central nervous system could also involve its enteric counterpart. This was already documented in Parkinson's disease, the most common synucleinopathy, in which alpha-synuclein deposits are reported in the enteric nervous system in the vast majority of patients. Tau is another key protein involved in neurodegenerative disorders of the brain. Whether changes in tau also occur in the enteric nervous system during gut or brain disorders has just begun to be explored. The scope of the present article is therefore to review existing studies on the expression and phosphorylation pattern of tau in the enteric nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions and to discuss the possible occurrence of 'enteric tauopathies'.
肠神经系统在胃肠道功能的调节中起着关键作用，常被称为“第二大脑”，因为它与中枢神经系统有许多相似之处。这些相似之处包括许多神经递质、大量神经胶质细胞和易发生神经退行性变。中枢神经系统和肠神经系统之间的这种密切同源性表明，影响中枢神经系统的疾病过程也可能涉及肠神经系统。这在帕金森病中已经有记载，帕金森病是最常见的突触核蛋白病，绝大多数患者的肠神经系统中都有α-突触核蛋白沉积。tau 是另一种参与大脑神经退行性疾病的关键蛋白。在肠道或大脑疾病期间，tau 是否也会发生变化，目前才刚刚开始探索。因此，本文的范围是回顾在生理和病理条件下，tau 在肠神经系统中的表达和磷酸化模式的现有研究，并讨论“肠 tau 病”的可能发生。
