Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, 38547National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Int J STD AIDS. 2021 Apr;32(5):483-485. doi: 10.1177/0956462420972224. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
, a nontuberculous , is found in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in those with HIV. incubation under standard culture conditions is difficult, and its identification is challenging using routine culture methods. Herein, we report the case of a 40-year-old Japanese man with HIV presenting with disseminated infection. An analysis using an automated blood culture system did not show positive signals during 6 weeks of incubation. However, an acid-fast bacilli smear of his blood sample was positive for the bacterium. was identified using sequencing analysis, targeting the heat shock protein 65 gene. The patient recovered from the infection, following antibiotic therapy for 18 months. Under suspicion of disseminated infection and the absence of bacterial growth in blood culture samples, an acid-fast bacilli smear test of the sample may be useful for timely diagnosis.
非结核分枝杆菌是一种条件致病菌，常发生于免疫抑制患者，尤其是 HIV 感染者。在标准培养条件下，该菌的潜伏期较长，且常规培养方法难以鉴定。本文报道了 1 例 40 岁日本男性 HIV 感染者，其发生播散性非结核分枝杆菌感染。自动化血培养系统孵育 6 周均未显示阳性信号，但血涂片抗酸染色阳性。采用针对热休克蛋白 65 基因的测序分析方法鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌。该患者经 18 个月的抗生素治疗后痊愈。对于疑似播散性非结核分枝杆菌感染且血培养无细菌生长的患者，进行抗酸杆菌涂片检查可能有助于及时诊断。
