Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
Nitric Oxide. 2021 May 1;109-110:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.01.002. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Increased production of NO in the affected joints promote cartilage damage. As NO synthesis is catalysed by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) enzyme, iNOS inhibition serves as an attractive therapeutic target to prevent NO release. Despite a number of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitor molecules demonstrating chondro-protective effect, none have reached the clinic. Its limited bioavailability and adverse side effects served as a deterrent for pursuing clinical trials in OA patients. With the advent of nanotechnology, interest in targeting NO for preventing cartilage degeneration has revived. In this article, we discuss the limitations of the existing molecules and provide an insight on recent nanotechnology-based strategies that have been explored for the diagnosis and inhibition of NO in OA. These approaches hold promise in reviving the hitherto under explored potential of targeting NO to address OA.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种重要的炎症介质，参与骨关节炎（OA）的发生和发展。受影响关节中 NO 的产生增加会促进软骨损伤。由于 NO 的合成是由诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）酶催化的，因此抑制 iNOS 成为防止 NO 释放的一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。尽管许多直接和间接的 iNOS 抑制剂分子表现出软骨保护作用，但没有一种达到临床应用。其有限的生物利用度和不良反应是阻碍在 OA 患者中进行临床试验的原因。随着纳米技术的出现，人们对靶向 NO 以预防软骨退化的兴趣重新燃起。本文讨论了现有分子的局限性，并介绍了最近基于纳米技术的策略，这些策略已被探索用于 OA 中 NO 的诊断和抑制。这些方法有望恢复迄今为止对靶向 NO 治疗 OA 的潜力的探索。
