Rüther Johannes, Willauschus Maximilian, Hammer Alexander, Schröder Jörg, Bail Hermann Josef, Geßlein Markus
Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2021 Mar;35(1):52-57. doi: 10.1055/a-1262-2175. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Muscle injuries frequently occur in sports involving explosive movement patterns, and they can cause considerable downtime. There is a lack of detailed data on muscle injuries in Olympic elite Taekwondo.
All injuries sustained by 76 elite Taekwondo athletes from a national Olympic training centre during training and competition were prospectively recorded over a period of five years. Data on muscle injuries, including location and time elapsed until return-to-training, were extracted from medical records. Injuries were diagnosed by means of MRI and were classified according to the British Athletes Muscle Injury System. The relationship between MRI classification subgroups and time elapsed until return-to-training was assessed.
Mean age of athletes was 22.5 ± 3.2 (16-27) years with an average Taekwondo experience of 12.1 ± 4.0 (7-20) years. Hamstring muscles were most commonly injured (48.4 %), followed by quadriceps muscles (32.3 %) and calf muscles (9.6 %). The analysis of MRI injury subgroups showed grade 1 (32.2 %) and grade 2 (41.9 %) injuries in most cases. A positive correlation was found between injury groups and return-to-training (r = 0.56). The comparison between different injury groups and time elapsed until return-to-training also revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001).
Hamstring muscles are the most injured muscles in Taekwondo besides the quadriceps femoris muscle. Most injuries were mild to moderate (grade 1-2). The time needed for return-to-training increased significantly with the severity of injuries diagnosed by MRI.
肌肉损伤在涉及爆发性运动模式的体育运动中经常发生，会导致相当长的停训时间。关于奥运会精英跆拳道运动员肌肉损伤的详细数据匮乏。
前瞻性记录了来自国家奥林匹克训练中心的76名精英跆拳道运动员在五年时间里训练和比赛期间遭受的所有损伤。从医疗记录中提取肌肉损伤数据，包括损伤部位和恢复训练所需时间。通过磁共振成像（MRI）诊断损伤，并根据英国运动员肌肉损伤系统进行分类。评估MRI分类亚组与恢复训练所需时间之间的关系。
运动员的平均年龄为22.5±3.2（16 - 27）岁，跆拳道平均经验为12.1±4.0（7 - 20）年。腘绳肌最常受伤（48.4%），其次是股四头肌（32.3%）和小腿肌（9.6%）。MRI损伤亚组分析显示，大多数病例为1级（32.2%）和2级（41.9%）损伤。损伤组与恢复训练之间存在正相关（r = 0.56）。不同损伤组与恢复训练所需时间的比较也显示出显著差异（p < 0.0001）。
除股四头肌外，腘绳肌是跆拳道中最易受伤的肌肉。大多数损伤为轻至中度（1 - 2级）。根据MRI诊断，损伤严重程度越高，恢复训练所需时间显著增加。
