Ren Zhongkan, Mujib Shakir Bin, Singh Gurpreet
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 29;14(3):614. doi: 10.3390/ma14030614.
Ceramics derived from organic polymer precursors, which have exceptional mechanical and chemical properties that are stable up to temperatures slightly below 2000 °C, are referred to as polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs). These molecularly designed amorphous ceramics have the same high mechanical and chemical properties as conventional powder-based ceramics, but they also demonstrate improved oxidation resistance and creep resistance and low pyrolysis temperature. Since the early 1970s, PDCs have attracted widespread attention due to their unique microstructures, and the benefits of polymeric precursors for advanced manufacturing techniques. Depending on various doping elements, molecular configurations, and microstructures, PDCs may also be beneficial for electrochemical applications at elevated temperatures that exceed the applicability of other materials. However, the microstructural evolution, or the conversion, segregation, and decomposition of amorphous nanodomain structures, decreases the reliability of PDC products at temperatures above 1400 °C. This review investigates structure-related properties of PDC products at elevated temperatures close to or higher than 1000 °C, including manufacturing production, and challenges of high-temperature PDCs. Analysis and future outlook of high-temperature structural and electrical applications, such as fibers, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), and sensors, within high-temperature regimes are also discussed.
源自有机聚合物前驱体的陶瓷，具有优异的机械和化学性能，在略低于2000℃的温度下仍保持稳定，被称为聚合物衍生陶瓷（PDC）。这些经过分子设计的非晶态陶瓷具有与传统粉末基陶瓷相同的高机械和化学性能，但它们还表现出更好的抗氧化性和抗蠕变性以及较低的热解温度。自20世纪70年代初以来，PDC因其独特的微观结构以及聚合物前驱体在先进制造技术方面的优势而受到广泛关注。根据各种掺杂元素、分子构型和微观结构的不同，PDC在高于其他材料适用温度的高温电化学应用中也可能具有优势。然而，在高于1400℃的温度下，微观结构的演变，即非晶态纳米域结构的转变、偏析和分解，会降低PDC产品的可靠性。本综述研究了接近或高于1000℃的高温下PDC产品与结构相关的性能，包括制造生产以及高温PDC面临的挑战。还讨论了高温结构和电气应用（如纤维、陶瓷基复合材料（CMC）、微机电系统（MEMS）和传感器）在高温环境下的分析和未来展望。
