Orkin Joseph D, Montague Michael J, Tejada-Martinez Daniela, de Manuel Marc, Del Campo Javier, Cheves Hernandez Saul, Di Fiore Anthony, Fontsere Claudia, Hodgson Jason A, Janiak Mareike C, Kuderna Lukas F K, Lizano Esther, Martin Maria Pia, Niimura Yoshihito, Perry George H, Valverde Carmen Soto, Tang Jia, Warren Wesley C, de Magalhães João Pedro, Kawamura Shoji, Marquès-Bonet Tomàs, Krawetz Roman, Melin Amanda D
Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Feb 16;118(7). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010632118.
Ecological flexibility, extended lifespans, and large brains have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, and comparative genomics offers an efficient and effective tool for generating new insights into the evolution of such traits. Studies of capuchin monkeys are particularly well situated to shed light on the selective pressures and genetic underpinnings of local adaptation to diverse habitats, longevity, and brain development. Distributed widely across Central and South America, they are inventive and extractive foragers, known for their sensorimotor intelligence. Capuchins have among the largest relative brain size of any monkey and a lifespan that exceeds 50 y, despite their small (3 to 5 kg) body size. We assemble and annotate a de novo reference genome for Through high-depth sequencing of DNA derived from blood, various tissues, and feces via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (fecalFACS) to isolate monkey epithelial cells, we compared genomes of capuchin populations from tropical dry forests and lowland rainforests and identified population divergence in genes involved in water balance, kidney function, and metabolism. Through a comparative genomics approach spanning a wide diversity of mammals, we identified genes under positive selection associated with longevity and brain development. Additionally, we provide a technological advancement in the use of noninvasive genomics for studies of free-ranging mammals. Our intra- and interspecific comparative study of capuchin genomics provides insights into processes underlying local adaptation to diverse and physiologically challenging environments, as well as the molecular basis of brain evolution and longevity.
生态灵活性、较长的寿命和较大的脑容量长期以来一直吸引着进化生物学家，而比较基因组学为深入了解这些性状的进化提供了一种高效且有效的工具。卷尾猴的研究对于揭示局部适应不同栖息地、长寿和大脑发育的选择压力及遗传基础尤为合适。它们广泛分布于中美洲和南美洲，是有创造力的采食者，以其感觉运动智能而闻名。卷尾猴尽管体型较小（3至5千克），但其相对脑容量在所有猴子中是最大的之一，寿命超过50岁。我们为[此处原文缺失具体对象]组装并注释了一个从头参考基因组。通过对源自血液、各种组织和粪便的DNA进行深度测序，借助荧光激活细胞分选（粪便荧光激活细胞分选）分离猴子上皮细胞，我们比较了来自热带干燥森林和低地雨林的卷尾猴种群的基因组，并确定了参与水平衡、肾功能和新陈代谢的基因中的种群差异。通过一种涵盖广泛哺乳动物的比较基因组学方法，我们确定了与长寿和大脑发育相关的正选择基因。此外，我们在将非侵入性基因组学用于自由放养哺乳动物研究方面取得了技术进步。我们对卷尾猴基因组的种内和种间比较研究为局部适应多样且生理条件具有挑战性的环境的潜在过程，以及大脑进化和长寿的分子基础提供了见解。
