Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Physiological Division of Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 11;11(1):3683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82118-2.
Probable mechanism behind the neuronal ephaptic coupling is investigated based on the introduction of "Brain"-triggered potential excitation signal smartly with a specific very low frequency (VLF) waves as a neuronal motor toolkit. Detection of this electric motor toolkit is attributed to in-vitro precise analyses of a neural network of snail, along to the disconnected snail's neuronal network as a control. This is achieved via rapid (real-time) electrical signals acquisition by blind patch-clamp method during micro-electrode implanting in the neurons at the gigaseal conditions by the surgery operations. This process is based on its waveform (potential excitation signal) detection by mathematical curve fitting process. The characterized waveform of this electrical signal is "Saw Tooth" that is smartly stimulated, alternatively, by the brain during triggering the action potential's (AP's) hyperpolarization zone at a certain time interval at the several µs levels. Triggering the neuron cells results in (1) observing a positive shift (10.0%, depending on the intensity of the triggering wave), and (2) major promotion in the electrical current from sub nano (n) to micro (µ) amper (nA, µA) levels. Direct tracing the time domain (i.e., electrical signal vs. time) and estimation of the frequency domain (diagram of electrical response vs. the applied electrical frequencies) by the "Discrete Fast Fourier Transform" algorithm approve the presence of bilateral and reversible electrical currents between axon and dendrite. This mechanism therefore opens a novel view about the neuronal motor toolkit mechanism, versus the general knowledge about the unilateral electrical current flow from axon to dendrite operations in as neural network. The reliability of this mechanism is evaluated via (1) sequential modulation and demodulation of the snail's neuron network by a simulation electrical functions and sequentially evaluation of the neuronal current sensitivity between pA and nA (during the promotion of the signal-to-noise ratio, via averaging of 30 ± 1 (n = 15) and recycling the electrical cycles before any neuronal response); and (2) operation of the process on the differentiated stem cells. The interstice behavior is attributed to the effective role of Ca channels (besides Na and K ionic pumping), during hyper/hypo calcium processes, evidenced by inductively coupled plasma as the selected analytical method. This phenomenon is also modeled during proposing quadrupole well potential levels in the neuron systems. This mechanism therefore points to the microprocessor behavior of neuron networks. Stimulation of the neuronal system based on this mechanism, not only controls the sensitivity of neuron electrical stimulation, but also would open a light window for more efficient operating the neuronal connectivity during providing interruptions by phenomena such as neurolysis as well as an efficient treatment of neuron-based disorders.
基于“大脑”触发的潜在兴奋信号巧妙地利用特定的极低频率(VLF)波作为神经元运动工具包,研究了神经元电突触耦合背后的可能机制。通过在手术操作中,在千兆密封条件下通过盲贴附式方法快速(实时)获取微电极植入神经元的电信号,对蜗牛神经网络进行体外精确分析,并与分离的蜗牛神经网络作为对照,检测到这种电动工具包。该过程基于其波形(潜在兴奋信号)通过数学曲线拟合过程进行检测。该电信号的特征波形为“锯齿波”,它可以在几微秒的水平上在特定的时间间隔内,通过大脑智能地刺激动作电位(AP)超极化区来交替触发。触发神经元细胞会导致:(1)观察到 10.0%的正偏移(取决于触发波的强度),以及(2)电流从亚纳(n)到微(µ)安(nA,µA)水平的大幅提升。通过“离散快速傅里叶变换”算法直接跟踪时域(即电信号与时间的关系)和频域估计(电响应与施加电频率的关系图),证实了轴突和树突之间存在双向和可逆的电流。这种机制因此为神经元运动工具包机制提供了一个新的视角,而不是关于神经网络中从轴突到树突操作的单向电流流动的一般知识。通过(1)模拟电功能对蜗牛神经元网络进行顺序调制和解调,然后顺序评估神经元电流灵敏度在 pA 和 nA 之间(通过信号噪声比的提升,通过平均 30±1(n=15)和在任何神经元响应之前循环电周期);以及(2)在分化的干细胞上进行该过程的操作,来评估该机制的可靠性。通过感应耦合等离子体作为选定的分析方法,证明在高/低钙过程中钙通道(除了 Na 和 K 离子泵)发挥了有效作用,这种间隙行为归因于钙通道的有效作用。这种现象也在神经元系统中提出四极阱势水平时建模。因此,这种机制指向神经元网络的微处理器行为。基于这种机制刺激神经元系统不仅可以控制神经元电刺激的敏感性,还可以为神经元连接提供中断,例如神经溶解,以及为基于神经元的疾病提供有效的治疗提供更有效的操作窗口。