Martinon Léa M, Smallwood Jonathan, Hamilton Colin, Riby Leigh M
Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
Psychology Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Eur J Psychol. 2019 Jun 7;15(2):211-239. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1597. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Numerous studies have captured the nature of mind-wandering and how it changes across the lifespan; however, the influence of culture has been neglected. This study investigated the joint effects of culture and age in a large scale online questionnaire-based survey of 308 adults over 18 years of age, both in France and the United Kingdom. To capture a profile of thinking style, self-report measures of mind-wandering frequency, mindfulness, mood, rumination, self-reflection, future thinking, depressive symptoms, and cognitive failures were gathered. Findings revealed an earlier decrease in mind-wandering frequency for French speaking participants. Cultural effects were demonstrated on rumination and reflection rates across the life span, with in general more rumination and less reflection for English speakers. Overall, negatively toned thoughts were dominant for English compared to more expressive thoughts in general for French speakers. Confirmatory factor analyses featured different theoretical models to explain mind-wandering frequency in the French and British populations. This study provides the basis for further investigations of sociocultural influences on the eclectic phenomenon of mind-wandering.
众多研究已经探究了走神的本质以及它在整个生命周期中的变化；然而，文化的影响却一直被忽视。本研究在法国和英国对308名18岁以上的成年人进行了一项大规模的在线问卷调查，调查文化和年龄的共同影响。为了勾勒出思维方式的概况，收集了关于走神频率、正念、情绪、沉思、自我反思、未来思考、抑郁症状和认知失误的自我报告测量数据。研究结果显示，说法语的参与者走神频率下降得更早。研究表明，文化对整个生命周期中的沉思和反思率有影响，总体而言，说英语的人沉思更多，反思更少。总体而言，与说法语的人通常更具表现力的思维相比，英语中消极情绪的思维占主导。验证性因素分析采用了不同的理论模型来解释法国和英国人群中的走神频率。本研究为进一步探究社会文化对走神这一兼收并蓄现象的影响提供了基础。
