Penning L
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital A.Z.G., Groningen, The Netherlands.
Neuroradiology. 1988;30(1):17-21. doi: 10.1007/BF00341937.
Ten flexion-retroflexion radiographs of the cervical spine (in lateral projection) were utilized to study anatomical configuration and topography of the upper air passages in these two positions. Measurement of AP diameters revealed narrowing in flexion and widening in retroflexion, being maximal at the region of the epiglottis, and minimal at the regions of larynx and trachea. The distance from the pharyngeal attachment of the skull-base, to the upper chest aperture proved to be markedly greater in retroflexion than in flexion. As the pharynx virtually does not change its length during these movements, it is drawn up (with respect to the upper chest aperture) in retroflexion, and pushed down in flexion, over a mean distance of 42 mm. The up and down movement of the upper part of the trachea is slightly less: 38 mm. No correction for radiological magnification of 15-20%.
采用十张颈椎屈伸位X线片（侧位投照）研究这两个位置上气道的解剖结构和形态。前后径测量显示，屈曲时变窄，后伸时变宽，会厌区域变化最大，喉和气管区域变化最小。从颅底咽部附着处到上胸廓入口的距离在后伸时明显大于屈曲时。由于咽部在这些运动过程中长度基本不变，相对于上胸廓入口，它在后伸时被向上牵拉，在屈曲时被向下推，平均移动距离为42毫米。气管上部的上下移动略少：38毫米。未对15%-20%的放射放大率进行校正。
