Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Neuroscientist. 2022 Aug;28(4):364-381. doi: 10.1177/1073858421991066. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease involving multiple etiologies and pathogenesis, in which neuroinflammation is a common factor. Both preclinical experiments and clinical studies provide evidence for the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of PD, although there are a number of key issues related to neuroinflammatory processes in PD that remain to be addressed. In this review, we highlight the relationship between the common pathological mechanisms of PD and neuroinflammation, including aggregation of α-synuclein, genetic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gut microbiome dysbiosis. We also describe the two positive feedback loops initiated in PD after the immune system is activated, and their role in the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, the interconnections and differences between the central and peripheral immune systems are discussed. Finally, we review the latest progress in immunotherapy research for PD patients, and propose future directions for clinical research.
帕金森病（PD）是一种异质性神经退行性疾病，涉及多种病因和发病机制，其中神经炎症是一个共同的因素。临床前实验和临床研究都为神经炎症参与 PD 的病理生理学提供了证据，尽管 PD 中与神经炎症过程相关的一些关键问题仍有待解决。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 PD 的常见病理机制与神经炎症之间的关系，包括α-突触核蛋白的聚集、遗传因素、线粒体功能障碍和肠道微生物组失调。我们还描述了免疫系统激活后 PD 中启动的两个正反馈循环及其在 PD 发病机制中的作用。此外，还讨论了中枢和外周免疫系统之间的相互联系和差异。最后，我们综述了 PD 患者免疫疗法研究的最新进展，并为临床研究提出了未来的方向。
